Ultrasonic degradation of polysaccharide from a red algae (Porphyra yezoensis).

Polysaccharide from Porphyra yezoensis (PYPS) was degraded by ultrasound in this study. The changes of intrinsic viscosity with various conditions, such as ultrasonic power, irradiation time, reaction temperature, initial pH value of solution, and its concentration, were investigated by using Ubbleholde viscometry. It was found that the ultrasonic degradation rate of PYPS solution increases with the increase of ultrasonic power and reaction temperature and the decrease of the initial pH value of the solution. The order of the susceptibility of initial PYPS concentrations on degradation is 0.75 > 0.5 > 1.00 > 2.00 g/dL. The mechanism about the ultrasonic degradation of PYPS may be explained by more for mechanical and less for radical effects. Relationships between degradation rate and ultrasound time are exponential functions. The activation energy of ultrasonic degradation of PYPS solution is 52.13 kJ/mol, which was calculated by the logarithmic form of the Arrhenius equation, and is lower than one for the acid or enzyme catalyzing degradation of similar glycosidic bonds.

[1]  M. Lahaye,et al.  Average molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of agarose and agarose-type polysaccharides , 1989 .

[2]  David E Myslabodski,et al.  Effect of acid hydrolysis on the molecular weight of kappa carrageenan by GPC-LS , 1996 .

[3]  E. Björklund,et al.  Comprehensive comparison of classic Soxhlet extraction with Soxtec extraction, ultrasonication extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, microwave assisted extraction and accelerated solvent extraction for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in soil. , 2005, Journal of chromatography. A.

[4]  G Portenlänger,et al.  The influence of frequency on the mechanical and radical effects for the ultrasonic degradation of dextranes. , 1997, Ultrasonics sonochemistry.

[5]  H. Taylor,et al.  Kinetics of indomethacin degradation II: Presence of alkali plus surfactant. , 1977, Journal of pharmaceutical sciences.

[6]  M. Ashokkumar,et al.  Sonochemical Degradation of Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate in Aqueous Solutions , 2003 .

[7]  K. Lam,et al.  Degradation of Bovine Corneal Collagen by Alkali , 1989, Cornea.

[8]  G. Cravotto,et al.  Chemical modification of chitosan under high-intensity ultrasound. , 2005, Ultrasonics sonochemistry.

[9]  A. V. Vorontsov,et al.  Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of dimethyl methylphosphonate in the presence of low-frequency ultrasound , 2003, Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology.

[10]  O. H. Lowry,et al.  Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. , 1951, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[11]  H. Destaillats,et al.  Applications of ultrasound in NAPL remediation: sonochemical degradation of TCE in aqueous surfactant solutions. , 2001, Environmental science & technology.

[12]  K. Paigen,et al.  Properties of mouse alpha-galactosidase. , 1976, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[13]  Chen Gang,et al.  Influence of ultrasound treatment on accessibility and regioselective oxidation reactivity of cellulose. , 2005, Ultrasonics sonochemistry.

[14]  J. Rosiak,et al.  Degradation of chitosan and starch by 360-kHz ultrasound , 2005 .

[15]  W. Long,et al.  Porphyran primary structure. An investigation using beta-agarase I from Pseudomonas atlantica and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. , 1983, European journal of biochemistry.

[16]  R. Young,et al.  Introduction to Polymers , 1983 .

[17]  Timothy J. Mason,et al.  Effect of ultrasound on the degradation of aqueous native dextran , 1995 .

[18]  Makoto Hattori,et al.  Interaction of porphyran with a hydrophobic surface and stabilization of liposomes. , 2005, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[19]  J. Nah,et al.  Efficient gene delivery by urocanic acid-modified chitosan. , 2003, Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society.

[20]  S. Kaminogawa,et al.  Activation of murine macrophages by polysaccharide fractions from marine algae (Porphyra yezoensis). , 1993, Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry.

[21]  R. Goodman,et al.  beta-Galactosidase from Bacillus stearothermophilus. , 1976, Canadian journal of microbiology.

[22]  M. Hepher,et al.  Effects of ultrasound energy on degradation of cellulose material. , 2000, Ultrasonics sonochemistry.

[23]  G. Fonty,et al.  Effect of anaerobic fungi on glycoside hydrolase and polysaccharide depolymerase activities, in sacco straw degradation and volatile fatty acid concentrations in the rumen of gnotobiotically reared lambs. , 1995, Reproduction, nutrition, development.

[24]  S. Singh,et al.  Kinetics of acid hydrolysis of κ-carrageenan as determined by molecular weight (SEC-MALLSRI), gel breaking strength, and viscosity measurements , 1994 .

[25]  S. Kaminogawa,et al.  Macrophage stimulation activity of the polysaccharide fraction from a marine alga (Porphyra yezoensis): structure-function relationships and improved solubility. , 1995, Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry.

[26]  H. Inui,et al.  Low molecular weight chitosan stimulation of mitogenic response to platelet-derived growth factor in vascular smooth muscle cells. , 1995, Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry.

[27]  K. Vinodgopal,et al.  Sonochemical degradation of a polydisperse nonylphenol ethoxylate in aqueous solution , 2001 .

[28]  N. Kalogerakis,et al.  Degradation of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate in water by ultrasonic irradiation. , 2004, Water research.

[29]  K. Takahashi,et al.  Emulsifying ability of porphyran prepared from dried nori, Porphyra yezoensis, a red alga. , 2000, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.