Raman and SERS microspectroscopy on living cells: a promising tool toward cellular drug response and medical diagnosis

Raman spectroscopy has been sued to differentiate between sensitive and MDR-resistant cells using Raman spectral imaging with a 632.8 nm excitation wavelength. The comparison between two spectral images allowed to quantify the differences between sensitive and resistant cell lines in term of proteins, lipids when MDR phenotype is expressed. SER spectroscopy has become a powerful and non-invasive probe for investigating the molecular and cellular interaction of drugs with their targets. The comparison between these models allow to elucidate the biological effect of the drugs. The development of new types of SERS- active substrates has extended the applicability of this technique to medical diagnosis. Two kinds of SERS active substrates, characterized as 'bio-compatible' systems, can be used for investigation on single living cells: colloid suspensions and microelectrodes and island films. This methodology is used for the study of cell membrane components in interaction with the SERS substrates with the aim to understand the resistance mechanism. The constitution of a data bank will allow the follow-up of cancer and future monitoring of therapeutic intervention.

[1]  R. Arceci.  Clinical significance of P-glycoprotein in multidrug resistance malignancies [editorial] [see comments] , 1993 .

[2]  P. Hildebrandt,et al.  Surface-enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy of Rhodamine 6G adsorbed on colloidal silver , 1984 .

[3]  J. Greve,et al.  Studying single living cells and chromosomes by confocal Raman microspectroscopy , 1990, Nature.

[4]  W. T. Beck,et al.  Atypical multiple drug resistance in a human leukemic cell line selected for resistance to teniposide (VM-26). , 1987, Cancer research.

[5]  J. Greve,et al.  Laser irradiation and Raman spectroscopy of single living cells and chromosomes: sample degradation occurs with 514.5 nm but not with 660 nm laser light. , 1991, Experimental cell research.

[6]  Igor Nabiev,et al.  Confocal spectral imaging analysis in studies of the spatial distribution of antitumour drugs within living cancer cells , 1994 .

[7]  M. Manfait,et al.  Molecular and cellular interactions between intoplicine, DNA, and topoisomerase II studied by surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy. , 1993, Cancer research.

[8]  Ganesh D. Sockalingum,et al.  NIR and visible investigation of some potential SERS-active substrates for studying antitumour agent all-trans retinoic acid , 1997 .

[9]  Igor Nabiev,et al.  Contributions of Short-Range and Classical Electromagnetic Mechanisms to Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering from Several Types of Biomolecules Adsorbed on Cold-Deposited Island Films , 1993 .

[10]  A. Safa,et al.  Mechanisms of multidrug resistance in HL60 cells. Analysis of resistance associated membrane proteins and levels of mdr gene expression. , 1989, Biochemical pharmacology.

[11]  C. Nguyen,et al.  Molecular interactions of DNA-topoisomerase I and II inhibitor with DNA and topoisomerases and in ternary complexes: binding modes and biological effects for intoplicine derivatives. , 1994, Biochemistry.

[12]  D. Meisel,et al.  Adsorption and surface-enhanced Raman of dyes on silver and gold sols , 1982 .

[13]  D. V. Von Hoff,et al.  Mitoxantrone: a new anticancer drug with significant clinical activity. , 1986, Annals of internal medicine.

[14]  M. Manfait,et al.  Inhibition of growth and induction of differentiation of promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) by carotenoids from Crocus sativus L. , 1994, Anticancer research.

[15]  Igor Nabiev,et al.  Applications of Raman and surface‐enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy in medicine , 1994 .

[16]  M. Manfait,et al.  Intracellular molecular interactions of antitumor drug amsacrine (m‐AMSA) as revealed by surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy , 1996, FEBS letters.

[17]  G. Deléage,et al.  Secondary structure of P-glycoprotein investigated by circular dichroism and amino acid sequence analysis. , 1998, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[18]  Ganesh D. Sockalingum,et al.  Rapid identification of the multidrug resistance in the human leukemic cells by near-infrared Fourier transform Raman microspectroscopy , 1998, Photonics West - Biomedical Optics.

[19]  V. Ling,et al.  Mechanism of multidrug resistance. , 1988, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[20]  J. Marie,et al.  P-glycoprotein in adult hematologic malignancies. , 1995, Hematology/oncology clinics of North America.

[21]  A. Fojo,et al.  Characterization of adriamycin-resistant human breast cancer cells which display overexpression of a novel resistance-related membrane protein. , 1990, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[22]  Michael D. Morris,et al.  Micron Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of Intact Biological Organisms and Model Systems , 1994 .

[23]  R. Pieters,et al.  Comparison of the rapid automated MTT-assay with a dye exclusion assay for chemosensitivity testing in childhood leukaemia. , 1989, British Journal of Cancer.

[24]  M. Gottesman,et al.  The multidrug resistance phenotype: 31P nuclear magnetic resonance characterization and 2-deoxyglucose toxicity. , 1991, Cancer research.

[25]  I. Pastan,et al.  Biochemistry of multidrug resistance mediated by the multidrug transporter. , 1993, Annual review of biochemistry.

[26]  S. Mirski,et al.  Multidrug resistance in a human small cell lung cancer cell line selected in adriamycin. , 1987, Cancer research.

[27]  T. Hirschfeld,et al.  FT-Raman Spectroscopy: Development and Justification , 1986 .

[28]  B. Sikic,et al.  Clinical studies with modulators of multidrug resistance. , 1995, Hematology/oncology clinics of North America.

[29]  J. Riordan,et al.  Amplification of P-glycoprotein genes in multidrug-resistant mammalian cell lines , 1985, Nature.

[30]  E. Goormaghtigh,et al.  Secondary and Tertiary Structure Changes of Reconstituted P-glycoprotein , 1996, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[31]  M. Center,et al.  Isolation and characterization of adriamycin-resistant HL-60 cells which are not defective in the initial intracellular accumulation of drug. , 1986, Cancer research.

[32]  J. Endicott,et al.  The biochemistry of P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance. , 1989, Annual review of biochemistry.

[33]  P. Rabbitts,et al.  Non-P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance with reduced EGF receptor expression in a human large cell lung cancer cell line. , 1990, British Journal of Cancer.

[34]  T. Cotton,et al.  Silver-island films as substrates for enhanced Raman scattering: effect of deposition rate on intensity. , 1991, Analytical chemistry.

[35]  Ganesh D. Sockalingum,et al.  Molecular and Cellular Interaction of the Differentiating Antitumour Agent Dimethylcrocetin with Nuclear Retinoic Acid Receptor as Studied by Near‐Infrared and Visible SERS Spectroscopy , 1997 .