Statistical optimization of a thermostable and neutral glucoamylase production by a thermophilic mold Thermomucor indicae-seudaticae in solid-state fermentation

Glucoamylase production by a thermophilic mold Thermomucor indicae-seudaticae was optimized in solid-state fermentation (SSF) by conventional ‘one variable at a time approach’ and further statistically using response surface methodology (RSM). Glucoamylase secretion was strongly affected by three variables (moisture ratio, inoculum level and incubation time), and therefore, these three factors were further optimized using response surface methodology. The glucoamylase production in flasks containing wheat bran, under the conditions optimized by RSM, was 455 ± 23 U/g of dry moldy bran (DMB), while the predicted value by a polynomial model was 433.30 U/g DMB. The enzyme titre (455 ± 23 U/g DMB) attained in the validation experiment of this investigation is higher than those reported in the literature. When the large-scale production was attempted in enamel trays, a marginally lower enzyme titres were attained. An overall 1.8-fold increase in glucoamylase production was achieved in SSF due to statistical optimization in comparison with that of ‘one variable at a time’ approach (250 ± 13 U/g DMB). A 10-fold enhancement in glucoamylase production was recorded in SSF as compared to that in submerged fermentation.

[1]  P. M. Taylor,et al.  Some properties of a glucoamylase produced by the thermophilic fungus Humicola lanuginosa , 1978 .

[2]  Cristóbal N. Aguilar,et al.  Advantages of fungal enzyme production in solid state over liquid fermentation systems , 2003 .

[3]  P. V. Subba Rao,et al.  Purification and characterization of a thermostable glucoamylase from the thermophilic fungus Thermomyces lanuginosus. , 1981, The Biochemical journal.

[4]  A. Varma,et al.  Wheat straw, a potential substrate for cellulase production usingTrichoderma reesei , 1993, World journal of microbiology & biotechnology.

[5]  T. Satyanarayana,et al.  Medium optimization for glucoamylase production by a yeast, Pichia subpelliculosa ABWF-64, in submerged cultivation , 2001 .

[6]  Douglas C. Montgomery,et al.  Response Surface Methodology: Process and Product Optimization Using Designed Experiments , 1995 .

[7]  N. Karanth,et al.  A convenient method to measure water activity in solid state fermentation systems , 1992 .

[8]  A. Milagres,et al.  Solid-state fermentation for xylanase production by Thermoascus aurantiacus using response surface methodology , 1999, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.

[9]  S. V. Ramakrishna,et al.  Engineering aspects of solid state fermentation , 1985 .

[10]  T. Satyanarayana,et al.  Purification and Kinetics of a Raw Starch‐Hydrolyzing, Thermostable, and Neutral Glucoamylase of the Thermophilic Mold Thermomucor indicae‐seudaticae , 2003, Biotechnology progress.

[11]  Amare Gessesse,et al.  High-level xylanase production by an alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. by using solid-state fermentation , 1999 .

[12]  N. Karanth,et al.  Gas concentration and temperature gradients in a packed bed solid-state fermentor. , 1993, Biotechnology advances.

[13]  S. W. Kim,et al.  Xylanase production in solid state fermentation by Aspergillus niger mutant using statistical experimental designs , 2002, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.

[14]  William G. Cochran,et al.  Experimental Designs, 2nd Edition , 1950 .

[15]  Ashok Pandey,et al.  Purification and characterization of glucoamylase produced by Aspergillus niger in solid state fermentation , 1996, Letters in applied microbiology.

[16]  W. Grajek,et al.  Influence of water activity on the enzyme biosynthesis and enzyme activities produced by Trichoderma viride TS in solid-state fermentation , 1987 .

[17]  M. Kamat,et al.  Production of Aspergillus xylanase by lignocellulosic waste fermentation and its application , 1999, Journal of applied microbiology.

[18]  N. Karanth,et al.  Biochemical engineering aspects of solid-state fermentation , 1993 .

[19]  F. Odibo,et al.  Purification and some properties of a novel raw starch-digesting amylase from Aspergillus carbonarius , 2001 .

[20]  L. Castilho,et al.  Production and extraction of pectinases obtained by solid state fermentation of agroindustrial residues with Aspergillus niger , 2000 .

[21]  T. Satyanarayana,et al.  Xylanase production by thermophilic Bacillus licheniformis A99 in solid-state fermentation , 1997 .

[22]  I. Powell,et al.  A Strategy for Cheese Starter Culture Management in Australia , 1997 .

[23]  P. Reilly.  Protein Engineering of Glucoamylase to Improve Industrial Performance — A Review , 1999 .

[24]  Tulasi Satyanarayana,et al.  Statistical optimization of the medium components by response surface methodology to enhance phytase production by Pichia anomala , 2002 .

[25]  Ashok Pandey,et al.  Influence of water activity on growth and activity of Aspergillus niger for glycoamylase production in solid-state fermentation , 1994, World journal of microbiology & biotechnology.

[26]  M. Moo-young,et al.  Fungal solid state fermentation — an overview , 2001 .

[27]  H. Brunnert,et al.  Investigation of physical parameters important for the solid state fermentation of straw by white rot fungi , 1981, European journal of applied microbiology and biotechnology.

[28]  B. K. Lonsane,et al.  Gaseous concentration gradients in tray type solid state fermentors — Effect on yields and productivities , 1992 .

[29]  B. K. Lonsane,et al.  Solid state fermentation for production of α-amylase byBacillusmegaterium 16M , 1987, Biotechnology Letters.

[30]  J. Olsen,et al.  Growth and glucoamylase production by the thermophilic fungusThermomyces lanuginosus in a synthetic medium , 1991, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.

[31]  S. Rakshit,et al.  Effect of carbon sources on the synthesis of pectinase by Aspergilli , 1995 .

[32]  Ashok Pandey,et al.  Production of Phytase by Mucorracemosus in Solid‐State Fermentation , 2003, Biotechnology progress.

[33]  T. Satyanarayana,et al.  Statistical optimization of a high maltose‐forming, hyperthermostable and Ca2+‐independent α‐amylase production by an extreme thermophile Geobacillus thermoleovorans using response surface methodology , 2003, Journal of applied microbiology.

[34]  C. R. Soccol,et al.  Comparative production of alpha-amylase, glucoamylase and protein enrichment of raw and cooked cassava by Rhizopus strains in submerged and solid state fermentations , 1994 .

[35]  A. Pandey.  Glucoamylase Research: An Overview , 1995 .

[36]  S. Hayashida,et al.  Characteristics of raw-starch-digesting glucoamylase from thermophilic Rhizomucor pusillus , 1987 .

[37]  Ashok Pandey,et al.  Improvements in solid-state fermentation for glucoamylase production , 1990 .

[38]  T. Satyanarayana,et al.  α-Amylase production by thermophilic Bacillus coagulans in solid state fermentation , 1995 .

[39]  J. Olsen,et al.  Physicochemical properties of a purified alpha-amylase from the thermophilic fungus Thermomyces lanuginosus , 1992 .

[40]  R. Battaglino,et al.  Culture requirements for the production of protease by Aspergillus oryzae in solid state fermentation , 1991, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.