On the Scatterers' Mobility and Second Order Statistics of Narrowband Fixed Outdoor Wireless Channels

In this paper, we study the temporal behavior of narrowband fixed outdoor wireless channels by modeling the impact of scatterers' mobility on the second order statistics of such channels. We show that the Nakagami-m, gamma, Weibull and lognormal probability density functions (PDFs) can adequately approximate the scatterers' mobility at outdoor environments by comparing the theoretically derived autocorrelation functions (ACFs) with measured ACFs. These theoretical ACFs arise after considering several candidate PDFs for the impact of scatterers mobility. We select that PDF whose ACF provides the best fitting to measurements. The modeling of scatterers' mobility lead us to present analytical expressions for the level crossing rate (LCR) and average fade duration (AFD) together with an exact expression for the power spectral density (PSD).

[1]  Philip Constantinou,et al.  MIMO Channel Characterization for Short Range Fixed Wireless Propagation Environments , 2006, Wirel. Pers. Commun..

[2]  S. Loredo,et al.  Experimental analysis of temporal variations in indoor radio channels at 1.8 GHz , 2002 .

[3]  R. Feick,et al.  A Statistical Model for the Dynamics of the Received Signal Envelope in Narrowband Urban Fixed Wireless Links With Applications to MRC Diversity Receivers , 2007, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters.

[4]  Luciano Ahumada,et al.  Experimental results on the level crossing rate and average fade duration for urban fixed wireless channels , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[5]  R. J. Davies,et al.  Propagation considerations for the design of an indoor broad-band communications system at EHF , 1998 .

[6]  Gregory D. Durgin,et al.  Space-Time Wireless Channels , 2002 .

[7]  Luciano Ahumada,et al.  The Effect of Unbalanced Branches on the Performance of Diversity Receivers for Urban Fixed Wireless Links , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[8]  Vinko Erceg,et al.  Channel Models for Fixed Wireless Applications , 2001 .

[9]  Luciano Ahumada,et al.  Temporal Fade Reduction for Fixed Wireless Diversity Receivers with Unbalanced and Correlated Branches , 2007, IEEE Communications Letters.

[10]  David Falconer,et al.  Temporal variations characterization for fixed wireless at 29.5 GHz , 2000, VTC2000-Spring. 2000 IEEE 51st Vehicular Technology Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.00CH37026).

[11]  Ozan K. Tonguz,et al.  A New Multiple Scatterer Model for Fixed Indoor Wireless Communication Channels , 2007, 2007 IEEE International Conference on Communications.

[12]  Lawrence Joel Greenstein,et al.  Channel Models for Fixed Wireless Applications Date Submitted , 2001 .

[13]  G. Y. Delisle,et al.  Influence of human motion on indoor wireless millimeter-wave channel characteristics , 1997, 1997 IEEE 47th Vehicular Technology Conference. Technology in Motion.

[14]  Lindsay J. Millott.  The impact of vehicular scattering on mobile communications , 1994, Proceedings of IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC).

[15]  G. Y. Delisle,et al.  Temporal variations of the indoor wireless millimeter-wave channel , 1998 .

[16]  Larbi Talbi.  Spatial and Temporal Variations of the Indoor Wireless EHF Channel , 2002, Wirel. Pers. Commun..

[17]  Claude Oestges,et al.  Range and antenna beamwidth dependencies in multidimensional fixed wireless channels , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[18]  Luciano Ahumada,et al.  Characterization of temporal fading in urban fixed wireless links , 2006, IEEE Communications Letters.

[19]  Matthias Patzold,et al.  Mobile Fading Channels , 2003 .

[20]  K. V. S. Hari,et al.  Measurement and characterization of broadband MIMO fixed wireless channels at 2.5 GHz , 2000, 2000 IEEE International Conference on Personal Wireless Communications. Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.00TH8488).

[21]  Liesbet Van der Perre,et al.  Channel time-variance for fixed wireless communications: modeling and impact , 2002 .

[22]  F. Haber,et al.  A statistical model of mobile-to-mobile land communication channel , 1986, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[23]  Andreas F. Molisch,et al.  A generic model for MIMO wireless propagation channels in macro- and microcells , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing.

[24]  H. Hashemi,et al.  Measurements and modeling of temporal variations of the indoor radio propagation channel , 1994 .

[25]  P. Pagani,et al.  Characterization and Modeling of Temporal Variations on an Ultrawideband Radio Link , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[26]  P. Constantinou,et al.  Indoor channel measurements and characterization at 60 GHz for wireless local area network applications , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[27]  Philip Constantinou,et al.  MIMO channel characterization results from short range rooftop to rooftop wideband measurements , 2005, WiMob'2005), IEEE International Conference on Wireless And Mobile Computing, Networking And Communications, 2005..

[28]  M.D. Yacoub,et al.  The $\alpha$-$\mu$ Distribution: A Physical Fading Model for the Stacy Distribution , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[29]  Luciano Ahumada,et al.  Measurement and characterization of the temporal behavior of fixed wireless links , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[30]  Athanasios Papoulis,et al.  Probability, Random Variables and Stochastic Processes , 1965 .

[31]  Kaveh Pahlavan,et al.  Doppler spread measurements of indoor radio channel , 1990 .

[32]  Susana Loredo,et al.  Measurement and Statistical Analysis of the Temporal Variations of a Fixed Wireless Link at 3.5 GHz , 2006, Wirel. Pers. Commun..

[33]  Larry J. Greenstein,et al.  Estimating the Doppler spectrum of a short-range fixed wireless channel , 2003, IEEE Communications Letters.