Perforation of AA5083-H116 aluminium plates with conical-nose steel projectiles : Calculations

Abstract The use of aluminium alloys in lightweight protective structures is increasing. Even so, the number of experimental and computational investigations that give detailed information on such problems is limited. In an earlier paper by some of the authors, perforation experiments were performed with 15–30 mm thick AA5083-H116 aluminium plates and 20 mm diameter, 98 mm long, HRC 53 conical-nose hardened steel projectiles. In all tests, initial and residual velocities of the projectile were measured and the ballistic limit velocity of each target plate was determined. In the present paper, an analytical perforation model based on the cylindrical cavity-expansion theory has been reformulated and used to calculate the ballistic perforation resistance of the aluminium plates. In addition, non-linear finite element simulations have been carried out. The target material was modeled with the Johnson–Cook constitutive relation using 2D axisymmetric elements with adaptive rezoning. To allow ductile hole growth, a pin-hole was introduced in the target. The analytical and numerical results have been compared to the experimental findings, and good agreement was in general obtained. A parametric study was also carried out to identify the importance of the different terms of the Johnson–Cook constitutive relation on the perforation resistance of the target. The results indicate that thermal softening cannot be neglected, so an alternative procedure for identification of the material constants in the power-law constitutive relation used in the cavity-expansion theory has been proposed.

[1]  T. L. Warren,et al.  Penetration of 6061-T6511 aluminum targets by ogive-nosed VAR 4340 steel projectiles at oblique angles: experiments and simulations , 2001 .

[2]  M. J. Forrestal,et al.  Perforation of Aluminum Plates with Conical-Nosed Rods—Additional Data and Discussion , 1988 .

[3]  S. Dey,et al.  The effect of target strength on the perforation of steel plates using three different projectile nose shapes , 2004 .

[4]  M. Langseth,et al.  Effect of target thickness in blunt projectile penetration of Weldox 460 E steel plates , 2003 .

[5]  Tore Børvik,et al.  Evaluation of identification methods for YLD2004-18p , 2008 .

[6]  R. Hill.  The mathematical theory of plasticity , 1950 .

[7]  Jin-quan Xu,et al.  An Axisymmetric Interface Edge of Bonded Transversely Isotropic Piezoelectric Materials Under Torsion , 1999 .

[8]  G. G. Corbett,et al.  Impact loading of plates and shells by free-flying projectiles: A review , 1996 .

[9]  M. J. Forrestal,et al.  Perforation of aluminum armor plates with conical-nose projectiles , 1990 .

[10]  M. J. Forrestal,et al.  Penetration of 7075-T651 aluminum targets with ogival-nose rods , 1992 .

[11]  T. L. Warren,et al.  Perforation of aluminum plates with ogive-nose steel rods at normal and oblique impacts , 1996 .

[12]  M. Ortiz,et al.  Adaptive Lagrangian modelling of ballistic penetration of metallic targets , 1997 .

[13]  M. J. Forrestal,et al.  Perforation of aluminum plates with conical-nosed rods , 1987 .

[14]  E. P. Chen,et al.  Finite element simulation of perforation and penetration of aluminum targets by conical-nosed steel rods☆ , 1990 .

[15]  R. Woodward.  The penetration of metal targets by conical projectiles , 1978 .

[16]  G. R. Johnson,et al.  Fracture characteristics of three metals subjected to various strains, strain rates, temperatures and pressures , 1985 .

[17]  T. Børvik,et al.  A computational model of viscoplasticity and ductile damage for impact and penetration , 2001 .

[18]  Gabi Ben-Dor,et al.  Applied High-Speed Plate Penetration Dynamics , 2006 .

[19]  Tore Børvik,et al.  Dynamic strain aging and related instabilities : experimental, theoretical and numerical aspects , 2006 .

[20]  T. Børvik,et al.  Low velocity perforation of AA5083-H116 aluminium plates , 2009 .

[21]  Odd Sture Hopperstad,et al.  Perforation of 12 mm thick steel plates by 20 mm diameter projectiles with flat, hemispherical and conical noses: Part II: numerical simulations , 2002 .

[22]  Jonas A. Zukas,et al.  High velocity impact dynamics , 1990 .

[23]  Y. Bai,et al.  Plugging: physical understanding and energy absorption , 1982 .

[24]  Ahmed Benallal,et al.  Flow and fracture characteristics of aluminium alloy AA5083–H116 as function of strain rate, temperature and triaxiality , 2004 .

[25]  Tore Børvik,et al.  On the influence of fracture criterion in projectile impact of steel plates , 2006 .

[26]  D. Agard,et al.  Microtubule nucleation by γ-tubulin complexes , 2011, Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology.

[27]  Jonas A. Zukas,et al.  Practical aspects of numerical simulation of dynamic events: material interfaces , 2000 .

[28]  G. Taylor,et al.  THE FORMATION AND ENLARGEMENT OF A CIRCULAR HOLE IN A THIN PLASTIC SHEET , 1948 .

[29]  Jonas A. Zukas,et al.  Practical Aspects of Numerical Simulations of Dynamic Events: Effects of Meshing. , 2000 .

[30]  Tomasz Wierzbicki,et al.  On the cut-off value of negative triaxiality for fracture , 2005 .

[31]  T. L. Warren.  The effect of strain rate on the dynamic expansion of cylindrical cavities , 1999 .

[32]  Magnus Langseth,et al.  Perforation of AA5083-H116 aluminium plates with conical-nose steel projectiles—experimental study , 2004 .

[33]  Tore Børvik,et al.  Experimental and numerical study on the perforation of AA6005-T6 panels , 2005 .

[34]  Werner Goldsmith,et al.  Non-ideal projectile impact on targets , 1999 .

[35]  J. Chaboche,et al.  Mechanics of Solid Materials , 1990 .

[36]  T. Børvik,et al.  A numerical study on the influence of the Portevin–Le Chatelier effect on necking in an aluminium alloy , 2007 .

[37]  N. Mott,et al.  The theory of indentation and hardness tests , 1945 .

[38]  T. W. Ipson,et al.  Ballistic Perforation Dynamics , 1963 .

[39]  Egidio Rizzi,et al.  On the Portevin–Le Chatelier effect: theoretical modeling and numerical results , 2004 .