Quantification of different water species in acetone using a NIR-triple-wavelength fiber laser.

A fiber laser using a thulium-doped ZBLAN gain medium was used to generate laser radiation simultaneously at 1461, 1505 and 1874 nm, with > 5 mW output power at each of the wavelengths. The laser was used to quantify the near-infrared absorption of liquid water in acetone. Additionally, near-infrared spectra were recorded using a broad band source and were interpreted using parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis to rationalize the concentration-dependent peak shifts.

[1]  W. Schade,et al.  Near- and mid-infrared laser monitoring of industrial processes, environment and security applications , 2006 .

[2]  S. Feng,et al.  1.94 μm switchable dual-wavelength Tm3+ fiber laser employing high-birefringence fiber Bragg grating. , 2013, Applied optics.

[3]  J. Max,et al.  Infrared spectroscopy of acetone-water liquid mixtures. II. Molecular model. , 2004, The Journal of chemical physics.

[4]  John E. Bertie,et al.  Infrared Intensities of Liquids XX: The Intensity of the OH Stretching Band of Liquid Water Revisited, and the Best Current Values of the Optical Constants of H2O(l) at 25°C between 15,000 and 1 cm−1 , 1996 .

[5]  A. Shirakawa,et al.  Multiple-wavelength up-conversion laser in Tm/sup 3+/-doped ZBLAN glass fiber , 2005, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[6]  Mohammed Saad,et al.  Dual-wavelength S-band Tm 3+ :ZBLAN fibre laser with 0.6 nm wavelength spacing , 2013 .

[7]  R. Vallée,et al.  Self-pulsing dynamics of a dual-wavelength Tm 3+ :ZBLAN upconversion fiber laser emitting around 800 nm , 2007 .

[8]  Christopher M. Cilip,et al.  Thulium Fiber Laser Ablation of Urinary Stones Through Small-Core Optical Fibers , 2009, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics.

[9]  M. Gulsoy,et al.  Tm:Fiber laser ablation with real‐time temperature monitoring for minimizing collateral thermal damage: ex vivo dosimetry for ovine brain , 2013, Lasers in surgery and medicine.

[10]  M R Dickinson,et al.  Laser–tissue interaction with a high‐power 2‐μm fiber laser: Preliminary studies with soft tissue , 1999, Lasers in surgery and medicine.

[11]  Pavel Peterka,et al.  Theoretical modeling of fiber laser at 810 nm based on thulium-doped silica fibers with enhanced 3H4 level lifetime. , 2011, Optics express.

[12]  Nathaniel M Fried,et al.  Thulium fiber laser lithotripsy: An in vitro analysis of stone fragmentation using a modulated 110‐watt Thulium fiber laser at 1.94 µm , 2005, Lasers in surgery and medicine.

[13]  G. Iglesias-Silva,et al.  Experimental Densities and Excess Volumes for Binary Mixtures Containing Propionic Acid, Acetone, and Water from 283.15 K to 323.15 K at Atmospheric Pressure , 2003 .

[14]  Yan Feng,et al.  784-nm amplified spontaneous emission from Tm3+-doped fluoride glass fiber pumped by an 1120-nm fiber laser. , 2005, Optics letters.

[15]  N. Fried,et al.  High-power thulium fiber laser ablation of urinary tissues at 1.94 microm. , 2005, Journal of endourology.

[16]  S. H. Dickens,et al.  Estimation of Concentration and Bonding Environment of Water Dissolved in Common Solvents Using Near Infrared Absorptivity , 1999, Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology.

[17]  C. Xia.  Mid-infrared supercontinuum laser system and its biomedical applications , 2009 .

[18]  Shilong Pan,et al.  Multiwavelength erbium-doped fiber laser based on inhomogeneous loss mechanism by use of a highly nonlinear fiber and a Fabry-Perot filter. , 2006, Optics express.

[19]  Jean-Joseph Max,et al.  Infrared spectroscopy of acetone–water liquid mixtures. I. Factor analysis , 2003 .

[20]  K. Noda,et al.  Viscosities and densities at 298.15 K for mixtures of methanol, acetone, and water , 2002 .

[21]  Murat Gülsoy,et al.  Incisional effects of 1940 nm thulium fiber laser on oral soft tissues , 2013, Photonics West - Biomedical Optics.

[22]  A. Hvidt,et al.  Densities of aqueous mixtures of non-electrolytes , 1971 .

[23]  Bogusława Czarnik-Matusewicz,et al.  Temperature-dependent water structural transitions examined by near-IR and mid-IR spectra analyzed by multivariate curve resolution and two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy , 2005 .

[24]  R. Bro,et al.  Fluorescence spectroscopy and multi-way techniques. PARAFAC , 2013 .

[25]  Bogusława Czarnik-Matusewicz,et al.  Study of the temperature-dependent near-infrared spectra of water by two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy and principal components analysis , 2006 .

[26]  S. Jackson.  Towards high-power mid-infrared emission from a fibre laser , 2012, Nature Photonics.

[27]  R. Bro,et al.  A new efficient method for determining the number of components in PARAFAC models , 2003 .

[28]  Peter D. Wentzell,et al.  Detection Limits of Chemical Sensors: Applications and Misapplications , 2012 .

[29]  Y. Koga,et al.  Spectrum of excess partial molar absorptivity. I. Near infrared spectroscopic study of aqueous acetonitrile and acetone. , 2009, The journal of physical chemistry. B.

[30]  Katsuji Noda,et al.  Viscosities and densities at 298.15 K for mixtures of methanol, acetone, and water , 1982 .