The Role of Adsorbed Layers in Bacterial Adhesion

There is now an enormous literature to support the concept that bacteria in aqueous environments are predominantly associated with surfaces (Costerton et al.,1987; Characklis and Marshall, 1990). The development of a biofilm is perceived as a multi-stage process, of which the initial step is adsorption of material to the newly immersed surface. The nature of the adsorbate(s) depend upon the surface itself but in virtually every system investigated the establishment of an adsorbed layer can be demonstrated. The rate at which this occurs is in part controlled by the bulk concentration of the adsorbates, their relative affinities for the surface and the hydrodynamic environment.

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