Structural optimization technique of a T-tail

A T-tail’s structural design is a complex engineering problem, and multiple factors are often taken into consideration, especially flutter failure. This approach combining sequential quadratic programming and multi-island genetic algorithm handles this design problem. In the first stage, the use of sequential quadratic programming can rapidly assist in initial design by obtaining a proper model for the next optimization, with the weight as an optimization goal, subjected to constraints in conventional performance. In the second stage, multi-island genetic algorithm is used to optimize the previous result model with special requirements, mainly referring to flutter speed. The optimization-analysis results are compared and discussed with insight into the use of sequential quadratic programming and multi-island genetic algorithm. In light of the second optimization, the special flutter performance of the T-tail is illustrated, again. Improving the torsional stiffness of the horizontal tail increases the flutter speed.