Understanding crop-ecology and agronomy of Rosa damascena Mill. for higher productivity.

Crop-ecology and agronomic factors are the major determinants of crop growth and development. Medicinal and aromatic plants synthesize and store a variety of biochemical compounds. The secondary metabolites of Rosa damascena are used in the pharmaceutical, flavours, and fragrance industries. The rising demand of essential oil is causing an accelerated replacement of natural fragrance by synthetic fragrance. Out of 200 species of the genus Rosa, the R. damascena is the important essential oil bearing plant. The content and relative composition of major components of rose oil predominantly depend on temperature, light, soil, pruning, nutrient supply, harvesting time and other management factors. Natural rose oil is most expensive in the world market as compared to its synthetic substitute, and the global demand of high grade rose oil is likely to increase in near future. In order to meet the rising demand, reconciliation of crop-ecological and agronomical approaches is required. Thus, there is pressing need to understand how these two factors and their interaction would provide noble strategies to stabilize yield of R. damascena in fluctuating environment. We do not attempt comprehensive review on R. damascena, rather we focus on crop ecology and agronomy, which determine the yield of flower and secondary metabolites.

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