Establishing method for process control historical data file structure and data read-write method

The invention discloses an establishing method for a process control historical data file structure, comprising the following steps: S1, establishing a file header, and writing file identification information into the file header; S2, establishing an index area, and dividing the index area into a measuring point description area and a data address area, wherein a data address in the data address area is an initial address of the historical data in a historical data file when fixed time duration data is written every time; S3, establishing a data area used for storing written measuring point historical data, wherein all data of each measuring point is stored on at least three continuous storage area. The invention further discloses a storage method and query method for process control historical data. In the invention, by data compression combined with a plurality of modes, the space of a magnetic disc can be greatly saved; the data storage speed is increased by adopting modes of blockwriting and memory mapping; and the data reading speed is greatly improved by modes of continuous storage, fast search and block reading of single measuring point data.