Supporting Cognitive Collage Creation for Pedestrian Navigation

How can we assist people in efficiently finding their way around a novel area? We tested a prototype navigation support system with 10 elderly pedestrians and found that adding landmark information considerably helped them in learning the structure of an unknown residential environment. We conclude that providing explicit landmark information in the learning phase seems beneficial for the creation of a rich "cognitive collage" that is fully functional in later phases when navigation support is not available.