Vegetation response to climate warming across the forest–tundra ecotone: species‐dependent upward movement

[1]  M. Williamson.  THE ORDINATION OF INCIDENCE DATA , 1978 .

[2]  Richard M. Cowling,et al.  The invasive potential of Australian banksias in South African fynbos: A comparison of the reproductive potential of Banksia ericifolia and Leucadendron laureolum , 1992 .

[3]  F. Stuart Chapin,et al.  Plant functional types as predictors of transient responses of arctic vegetation to global change , 1996 .

[4]  A. Hofgaard.  Inter-relationships between treeline position, species diversity, land use and climate change in the Central Scandes Mountains of Norway , 1997 .

[5]  Annika Hofgaard,et al.  Plant distribution pattern across the forest-tundra ecotone: The importance of treeline position , 2002 .

[6]  H. Birks,et al.  Recent increases in species richness and shifts in altitudinal distributions of Norwegian mountain plants , 2003 .

[7]  P. D. Körner.  Alpine Plant Life , 2003, Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

[8]  T. Dargie,et al.  On the integrated interpretation of indirect site ordinations: a case study using semi-arid vegetation in southeastern Spain , 1984, Vegetatio.

[9]  Gabriele Broll,et al.  Sensitivity and response of northern hemisphere altitudinal and polar treelines to environmental change at landscape and local scales , 2005 .

[10]  Marie-Josée Fortin,et al.  Spatial patterns of plant richness across treeline ecotones in the Pyrenees reveal different locations for richness and tree cover boundaries , 2006 .

[11]  G. Wieser,et al.  Trees at their Upper Limit , 2007 .

[12]  A. Zuur,et al.  Analysing Ecological Data , 2007 .

[13]  J. Viers,et al.  Productivity alters the scale dependence of the diversity-invasibility relationship. , 2007, Ecology.

[14]  T J Stohlgren,et al.  The invasion paradox: reconciling pattern and process in species invasions. , 2007, Ecology.

[15]  M. McGeoch,et al.  Rapid range expansion and community reorganization in response to warming , 2008 .

[16]  P. Marquet,et al.  A Significant Upward Shift in Plant Species Optimum Elevation During the 20th Century , 2008, Science.

[17]  K. Klanderud.  Species-specific responses of an alpine plant community under simulated environmental change , 2008 .

[18]  Maja K. Sundqvist,et al.  Establishment of boreal forest species in alpine dwarf-shrub heath in subarctic Sweden , 2008 .

[19]  E. Post,et al.  Opposing plant community responses to warming with and without herbivores , 2008, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[20]  Christian Körner,et al.  Infra‐red thermometry of alpine landscapes challenges climatic warming projections , 2009 .

[21]  C. Nilsson,et al.  Arctic alpine vegetation change over 20 years , 2009 .

[22]  E. Batllori,et al.  Vegetation patterns at the alpine treeline ecotone: the influence of tree cover on abrupt change in species composition of alpine communities , 2009 .

[23]  A. Mysterud,et al.  Grazing responses in herbs in relation to herbivore selectivity and plant traits in an alpine ecosystem , 2009, Oecologia.

[24]  Melanie A. Harsch,et al.  Are treelines advancing? A global meta-analysis of treeline response to climate warming. , 2009, Ecology letters.

[25]  P. Hulme,et al.  Herbivores inhibit climate‐driven shrub expansion on the tundra , 2009 .

[26]  F. Bonnet,et al.  Low impact of climate change on subalpine grasslands in the Swiss Northern Alps , 2009 .

[27]  L. Kullman.  Alpine flora dynamics : a critical review of responses to climate change in the Swedish Scandes since the early 1950s , 2010 .

[28]  Sonja Wipf,et al.  A review of snow manipulation experiments in Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems , 2010 .

[29]  H. Birks,et al.  Recent vegetation changes at the high‐latitude tree line ecotone are controlled by geomorphological disturbance, productivity and diversity , 2010 .

[30]  A. Odland,et al.  Increasing Vascular Plant Richness on 13 High Mountain Summits in Southern Norway since the Early 1970s , 2010 .

[31]  William N. Venables,et al.  Modern Applied Statistics with S , 2010 .

[32]  S. Goetz,et al.  Shrub expansion in tundra ecosystems: dynamics, impacts and research priorities , 2011, Environmental Research Letters.

[33]  R. Ohlemüller,et al.  Rapid Range Shifts of Species Associated with High Levels of Climate Warming , 2011, Science.

[34]  Gaku Kudo,et al.  Global assessment of experimental climate warming on tundra vegetation: heterogeneity over space and time. , 2012, Ecology letters.

[35]  Jan Dick,et al.  Recent Plant Diversity Changes on Europe’s Mountain Summits , 2012, Science.

[36]  Des B. A. Thompson,et al.  Biotic homogenization of upland vegetation: patterns and drivers at multiple spatial scales over five decades , 2012 .

[37]  Katharine N. Suding,et al.  Inferring community assembly mechanisms from functional diversity patterns: the importance of multiple assembly processes , 2012 .

[38]  A. Mysterud,et al.  Elevational advance of alpine plant communities is buffered by herbivory , 2012 .

[39]  A. Hofgaard,et al.  The role of the circumarctic forest–tundra ecotone for Arctic biodiversity , 2012 .

[40]  Steven F. Oberbauer,et al.  Plot-scale evidence of tundra vegetation change and links to recent summer warming. , 2012 .

[41]  R. Halvorsen,et al.  Amplicon‐pyrosequencing‐based detection of compositional shifts in bryophyte‐associated fungal communities along an elevation gradient , 2013, Molecular ecology.

[42]  A. Mysterud,et al.  The response of plant diversity to grazing varies along an elevational gradient , 2013 .

[43]  John-Arvid Grytnes,et al.  Local temperatures inferred from plant communities suggest strong spatial buffering of climate warming across Northern Europe , 2013, Global change biology.

[44]  S. Oberbauer,et al.  Experiment, monitoring, and gradient methods used to infer climate change effects on plant communities yield consistent patterns , 2014, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[45]  D. Bates,et al.  Fitting Linear Mixed-Effects Models Using lme4 , 2014, 1406.5823.

[46]  Juergen Kreyling,et al.  Global Change Experiments: Challenges and Opportunities , 2015 .

[47]  H. Fowler,et al.  Elevation-dependent warming in mountain regions of the world , 2015 .

[48]  A. Tolvanen,et al.  Vegetation shift from deciduous to evergreen dwarf shrubs in response to selective herbivory offsets carbon losses: evidence from 19 years of warming and simulated herbivory in the subarctic tundra , 2015, Global change biology.

[49]  U. Molau,et al.  Community and species‐specific responses to simulated global change in two subarctic‐alpine plant communities , 2015 .

[50]  G. Jurasinski,et al.  Resurveying historical vegetation data – opportunities and challenges , 2017, Applied vegetation science.

[51]  P. Vittoz,et al.  Snowbeds are more affected than other subalpine–alpine plant communities by climate change in the Swiss Alps , 2016, Ecology and evolution.

[52]  H. H. Birks,et al.  Stay or go – how topographic complexity influences alpine plant population and community responses to climate change , 2017 .

[53]  J. Camarero,et al.  Changes in plant taxonomic and functional diversity patterns following treeline advances in the South Urals , 2017 .

[54]  Per B. Brockhoff,et al.  lmerTest Package: Tests in Linear Mixed Effects Models , 2017 .

[55]  T. Hickler,et al.  Expansion of deciduous tall shrubs but not evergreen dwarf shrubs inhibited by reindeer in Scandes mountain range , 2017, The Journal of ecology.

[56]  R. Virtanen,et al.  Open tundra persist, but arctic features decline—Vegetation changes in the warming Fennoscandian tundra , 2017, Global change biology.

[57]  R. Virtanen,et al.  What if plant functional types conceal species-specific responses to environment? Study on arctic shrub communities. , 2017, Ecology.

[58]  A. Eskelinen,et al.  Herbivory and nutrient limitation protect warming tundra from lowland species’ invasion and diversity loss , 2017, Global change biology.

[59]  Niklaus E. Zimmermann,et al.  Accelerated increase in plant species richness on mountain summits is linked to warming , 2018, Nature.

[60]  Anne D. Bjorkman,et al.  Plant functional trait change across a warming tundra biome , 2018, Nature.

[61]  J. Lenoir,et al.  Observer and relocation errors matter in resurveys of historical vegetation plots , 2018, Journal of Vegetation Science.

[62]  A. Hofgaard,et al.  Grazing and warming effects on shrub growth and plant species composition in subalpine dry tundra: An experimental approach , 2019, Journal of Vegetation Science.

[63]  B. Cook,et al.  How do climate change experiments alter plot-scale climate? , 2019, Ecology letters.

[64]  R. Pakeman,et al.  Long‐term impacts of changed grazing regimes on the vegetation of heterogeneous upland grasslands , 2019, Journal of Applied Ecology.