Anatomical characterization of ADHD using an atlas-based analysis: A diffusion tensor imaging study

Abstract Purpose: To examine brain diffusion characteristics in pediatric patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and an atlas-based anatomical analysis of the whole brain and to investigate whether these images have unique characteristics that can support functional diagnoses. Materials and Methods: Seventeen children with ADHD and ten control subjects (all age-matched) underwent MRI scans. The Institutional Ethics Board approved this study. Morphometric analysis was performed using MriStudio software. The diffusion images were normalized using a linear transformation, followed by large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping (LDDMM). For 189 parcellated brain regions, the volume, fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) were measured. Results: Children with ADHD were found to have increase in the body of lateral ventricle volumes compared to the control. Increased MD was found in the deep gray matter, amygdala, thalamus, substantia nigra, and also the cerebellum left and right side. Increased RD was found in the deep gray matter, caudate, thalamus, substantia nigra and hippocampus left and right side compared to the control. Significant elevated FA was found in the bilateral splenium of the corpus callosum in ADHD patients. Conclusion: Children with ADHD display abnormal diffusion characteristics and anatomical features compared to healthy controls. DTI can provide sensitive information on integrity of white matter (WM) and intra-WM structures in ADHD.

[1]  H. Per,et al.  Brain diffusion tensor imaging in children with tuberous sclerosis. , 2016, Diagnostic and interventional imaging.

[2]  J. Arrazola,et al.  Correlation between amygdala volume and impulsivity in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder , 2015, Acta Neuropsychiatrica.

[3]  Jan K Buitelaar,et al.  Different mechanisms of white matter abnormalities in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a diffusion tensor imaging study. , 2014, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.

[4]  Margaret Chow,et al.  Computational analysis of LDDMM for brain mapping , 2013, Front. Neurosci..

[5]  Johnny T. C. Hsu,et al.  Anatomical characterization of athetotic and spastic cerebral palsy using an atlas‐based analysis , 2013, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[6]  G. Winston.  The physical and biological basis of quantitative parameters derived from diffusion MRI. , 2012, Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery.

[7]  Deborah Yurgelun-Todd,et al.  Reduced insular volume in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder , 2012, Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging.

[8]  B. Rusak,et al.  Smaller volumes of caudate nuclei in prepubertal children with ADHD: impact of age. , 2012, Journal of psychiatric research.

[9]  Wanda Fremont,et al.  Atlas-based white matter analysis in individuals with velo-cardio-facial syndrome (22q11.2 deletion syndrome) and unaffected siblings , 2012, Behavioral and Brain Functions.

[10]  Dan J Stein,et al.  Evidence for fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity white matter abnormalities in the internal capsule and cingulum in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. , 2012, Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN.

[11]  Dirk J. Heslenfeld,et al.  Diffusion tensor imaging in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis , 2012, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews.

[12]  Kenneth Hugdahl,et al.  Adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder — A diffusion-tensor imaging study of the corpus callosum , 2012, Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging.

[13]  Deepti R. Bathula,et al.  Altered white matter microstructure in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. , 2011, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.

[14]  Michael I. Miller,et al.  Quantitative analysis of brain pathology based on MRI and brain atlases—Applications for cerebral palsy , 2011, NeuroImage.

[15]  Michael I. Miller,et al.  Atlas-based analysis of neurodevelopment from infancy to adulthood using diffusion tensor imaging and applications for automated abnormality detection , 2010, NeuroImage.

[16]  H. Yamasue,et al.  Neuroanatomical correlates of attention‐deficit–hyperactivity disorder accounting for comorbid oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder , 2010, Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences.

[17]  Kelvin O. Lim,et al.  Differential fractional anisotropy abnormalities in adolescents with ADHD or schizophrenia , 2010, Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging.

[18]  T. Paus,et al.  Cortical Gray Matter in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study , 2010, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.

[19]  Peter Stoeter,et al.  Disturbed structural connectivity is related to inattention and impulsivity in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder , 2010, The European journal of neuroscience.

[20]  Philip Shaw,et al.  New insights into attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder using structural neuroimaging , 2009, Current psychiatry reports.

[21]  John L Bradshaw,et al.  White‐matter abnormalities in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A diffusion tensor imaging study , 2009, Human brain mapping.

[22]  K. Scheffler,et al.  Decreased fractional anisotropy in the middle cerebellar peduncle in children with epilepsy and/or attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A preliminary study , 2009, Epilepsy & Behavior.

[23]  Ross Cunnington,et al.  Structural development of the basal ganglia in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A diffusion tensor imaging study , 2009, Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging.

[24]  Arthur W. Toga,et al.  Atlas-based whole brain white matter analysis using large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping: Application to normal elderly and Alzheimer's disease participants , 2009, NeuroImage.

[25]  G. Glover,et al.  Neuroanatomical abnormalities in adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. , 2008, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.

[26]  Nikos Makris,et al.  Attention and executive systems abnormalities in adults with childhood ADHD: A DT-MRI study of connections. , 2008, Cerebral cortex.

[27]  A. Alexander,et al.  Diffusion tensor imaging of the brain , 2007, Neurotherapeutics.

[28]  Hangyi Jiang,et al.  DtiStudio: Resource program for diffusion tensor computation and fiber bundle tracking , 2006, Comput. Methods Programs Biomed..

[29]  G. Kindlmann,et al.  Orthogonal tensor invariants and the analysis of diffusion tensor magnetic resonance images , 2006, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[30]  Can Ceritoglu,et al.  Increasing the power of functional maps of the medial temporal lobe by using large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping. , 2005, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[31]  R. Nudo,et al.  Microneurography of human median nerve , 2005, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[32]  E. Syková,et al.  Diffusion properties of the brain in health and disease , 2004, Neurochemistry International.

[33]  J. Rapoport,et al.  Anatomic brain abnormalities in monozygotic twins discordant for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. , 2003, The American journal of psychiatry.

[34]  M. Bilgen,et al.  Mohr diagram interpretation of anisotropic diffusion indices in MRI. , 2003, Magnetic resonance imaging.

[35]  John Russell,et al.  Dysmyelination Revealed through MRI as Increased Radial (but Unchanged Axial) Diffusion of Water , 2002, NeuroImage.

[36]  C. Beaulieu,et al.  The basis of anisotropic water diffusion in the nervous system – a technical review , 2002, NMR in biomedicine.

[37]  Stewart H Mostofsky,et al.  Smaller prefrontal and premotor volumes in boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder , 2002, Biological Psychiatry.

[38]  R. Tibshirani,et al.  Diagnosis of multiple cancer types by shrunken centroids of gene expression , 2002, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[39]  Ibrahim Elshafiey,et al.  Mohr diagram representation of anisotropic diffusion tensor in MRI , 2002, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[40]  A L Reiss,et al.  Evaluation of Cerebellar Size in Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder , 1998, Journal of child neurology.

[41]  J. Pujol,et al.  Magnetic resonance imaging measurement of the caudate nucleus in adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and its relationship with neuropsychological and behavioral measures. , 1997, Archives of neurology.

[42]  P. Renshaw,et al.  Volumetric MRI analysis comparing subjects having attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder with normal controls , 1997, Neurology.

[43]  P. Basser,et al.  Toward a quantitative assessment of diffusion anisotropy , 1996, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[44]  J. Rapoport,et al.  Quantitative brain magnetic resonance imaging in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. , 1996, Archives of general psychiatry.

[45]  B. J. Casey,et al.  Quantitative morphology of the corpus callosum in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. , 1994, The American journal of psychiatry.

[46]  Y. Benjamini,et al.  More powerful procedures for multiple significance testing. , 1990, Statistics in medicine.

[47]  T. Lumley,et al.  gplots: Various R Programming Tools for Plotting Data , 2015 .

[48]  Xiaoqi Huang,et al.  Increased fractional anisotropy in white matter of the right frontal region in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a diffusion tensor imaging study. , 2010, Neuro endocrinology letters.

[49]  Anqi Qiu,et al.  Basal ganglia volume and shape in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. , 2009, The American journal of psychiatry.

[50]  M. Bilgen.  Imaging corticospinal tract connectivity in injured rat spinal cord using manganese-enhanced MRI , 2006, BMC Medical Imaging.

[51]  Babak A. Ardekani,et al.  ttention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Preliminary Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study , 2005 .