Nitrogen removal and biofilm structure affected by COD/NH4+–N in a biofilter with porous sludge-ceramsite

Abstract Self-made sludge-ceramsite was tested as carrier in biofilter to investigate its biogenic stimulating properties for obtaining high biomass concentration, and the performance of Guangzhou ceramsite, Jiangxi ceramsite, and Shanxi activated carbon were provided as a baseline for comparison. Results show that the removal efficiencies of COD and total nitrogen (TN) increase along with the increased COD/NH 4 + –N ratio (4, 5.7, 8, and 10) in the four biofilters. On average, the sludge-ceramsite biofilter converts 79.1–86.4% of NH 4 + −N to NO x − −N and removes 43.9–51.0% of TN at COD/NH 4 + –N ratios of 4–10, which are slightly better than the other biofilters. The well-developed porous structures (0.5 μm  −3 and particle density of 1251.2 kg m −3 ) sludge-ceramsite as carrier in biological wastewater treatment.

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