Detection methods for the analysis of biogenic non-methane hydrocarbons in air

Volatile organic compounds in air, especially the reactive biogenic hydrocarbons (e.g., isoprene and monoterpenes), play important roles in the chemistry of the troposphere even at very low concentrations. Sensitive and reliable detection methods are required in order to determine their low concentrations in air and to estimate their emission fluxes from sources. The flame ionization detector and the mass spectrometer have been widely used for the quantitative and qualitative analysis of biogenic non-methane hydrocarbons in air but other detection systems are available. Both the sampling and analytical methods used for these measurements are summarized in this review. The possible applications of several potential detection methods and recent developments in the use of new methods are also discussed.

[1]  L. Torres,et al.  The Landes experiment: Monoterpenes emitted from the maritime pine , 1994 .

[2]  C. N. Hewitt,et al.  The determination of individual gaseous ionic alkyllead species in the atmosphere , 1986 .

[3]  B. Lamb,et al.  Isoprene emission fluxes determined by an atmospheric tracer techniquE , 1986 .

[4]  C. N. Hewitt,et al.  Study of the Degradation by Ozone of Adsorbents and of Hydrocarbons Adsorbed during the Passive Sampling of Air. , 1994, Environmental science & technology.

[5]  Determination of Benzene and Toluene in Urban Air with Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy , 1992 .

[6]  C. N. Hewitt,et al.  Passive sampling and gas chromatographic determination of low concentrations of reactive hydrocarbons in ambient air with reduction gas detector , 1993 .

[7]  B. Lamb,et al.  Biogenic hydrocarbon emissions from deciduous and coniferous trees in the United States , 1985 .

[8]  A. G. Allen,et al.  A method for sampling dimethylsulfide in polluted and remote marine atmospheres , 1994 .

[9]  Xu-Liang Cao,et al.  Gas chromatographic determination of volatile alkenes with on-column bromination and electron-capture detection , 1995 .

[10]  C. N. Hewitt,et al.  Thermal desorption efficiencies for different adsorbate/adsorbent systems typically used in air monitoring programmes , 1993 .

[11]  John H. Seinfeld,et al.  Atmospheric oxidation of selected terpenes and related carbonyls: gas-phase carbonyl products , 1992 .

[12]  Y. Yokouchi,et al.  Seasonal variation of monoterpenes in the atmosphere of a pine forest , 1983 .

[13]  R. Koppmann,et al.  Sampling of organic volatiles in the atmosphere at moderate and low pollution levels , 1990 .

[14]  P. Zimmerman,et al.  Nonmethane hydrocarbons in remote tropical, continental, and marine atmospheres , 1984 .

[15]  R. Janson.  Monoterpene emissions from Scots pine and Norwegian spruce , 1993 .

[16]  Hal Westberg,et al.  A national inventory of biogenic hydrocarbon emissions , 1987 .

[17]  Russell K. Monson,et al.  Isoprene and monoterpene emission rate variability: Observations with Eucalyptus and emission rate algorithm development , 1991 .

[18]  J. V. Duijn,et al.  Rapid Ozone Determination Near an Accelerator , 1965, Nature.

[19]  Patrick R. Zimmerman,et al.  Measurements of atmospheric hydrocarbons and biogenic emission fluxes in the Amazon Boundary layer , 1988 .

[20]  D. Blake,et al.  13C/12C ratio in methane from the flooded Amazon forest , 1987 .

[21]  Y. Yokouchi,et al.  Determination of monoterpene hydrocarbons in the atmosphere , 1981 .

[22]  D. Albritton,et al.  Measurement of monoterpene hydrocarbons at Niwot Ridge, Colorado , 1983 .

[23]  Y. Yokouchi,et al.  Diurnal variations of atmospheric isoprene and monoterpene hydrocarbons in an agricultural area in summertime , 1988 .

[24]  J. Arey,et al.  Monoterpene emission rate measurements from a Monterey pine , 1990 .

[25]  H. Hill,et al.  Detectors for capillary chromatography , 1992 .

[26]  J. C. Ford,et al.  Gas chromatographic detection and identification of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons in complex mixtures by coupling photoionization and flame-ionization detectors , 1978 .

[27]  P. Zimmerman,et al.  Isoprene measurement by ozone-induced chemiluminescence , 1990 .

[28]  B. Monsarrat,et al.  Diurnal variation in the concentration of α- and β-pinene in the landes forest (France) , 1987 .

[29]  G. Lambert,et al.  The marine source of C2-C6 aliphatic hydrocarbons , 1988 .

[30]  R. Cox,et al.  Determination of trace level organics in ambient air by high-resolution gas chromatography with simultaneous photoionization and flame ionization detection , 1982 .

[31]  B. Zielińska,et al.  Determination of the biogenic emission rates of species contributing to VOC in the San Joaquin Valley OF California , 1994 .

[32]  M. Langhorst.  Photoionization Detector Sensitivity of Organic Compounds , 1981 .

[33]  G. Petersson,et al.  Photoionization assessment of C3-C5 alkadienes and alkenes in urban air. , 1992, Journal of chromatography.

[34]  R. Janson.  Monoterpene concentrations in and above a forest of scots pine , 1992 .

[35]  G. Lambert,et al.  Nonmethane hydrocarbons in an oceanic atmosphere , 1985 .

[36]  H. Hill,et al.  Photoionization/flame-ionization detection of atmospheric hydrocarbons after capillary gas chromatography , 1983 .

[37]  T. Sharkey,et al.  Fractionation of Carbon Isotopes during Biogenesis of Atmospheric Isoprene. , 1991, Plant physiology.

[38]  H. Singh,et al.  Measurements of selected C2–C5 hydrocarbons in the troposphere: Latitudinal, vertical, and temporal variations , 1988 .

[39]  Jean‐François Müller,et al.  Geographical distribution and seasonal variation of surface emissions and deposition velocities of atmospheric trace gases , 1992 .

[40]  C. J. Hahn,et al.  Monoterpene hydrocarbons in the nighttime troposphere. , 1985, Environmental science & technology.

[41]  J. Rudolph,et al.  The seasonal variation of light nonmethane hydrocarbons in the antarctic troposphere , 1989 .

[42]  U. Platt,et al.  Simultaneous measurement of atmospheric CH2O, O3, and NO2 by differential optical absorption , 1979 .

[43]  R. Braman,et al.  Selective absorption tubes and emission technique for determination of ambient forms of mercury in air , 1974 .

[44]  D. Ehhalt,et al.  Measurements of selected C2-C5 hydrocarbons in the background troposphere: Vertical and latitudinal variations , 1985 .

[45]  W. Doizaki,et al.  Quantitative gas chromatographic analysis of hydrogen isotopes, H2, H2H and 2H2, with a reduction gas detector , 1984 .

[46]  C. M. Stevens,et al.  Stable carbon isotopic composition of methane from some natural and anthropogenic sources , 1988 .

[47]  J. Rudolph,et al.  Measurements of light atmospheric hydrocarbons over the Atlantic in regions of low biological activity , 1990 .

[48]  C. N. Hewitt,et al.  Measurements of alkyllead compounds in the gas and aerosol phase in urban and rural atmospheres. , 1985, The Science of the total environment.

[49]  Xu-Liang Cao,et al.  Study of the responses of a gas chromatography—reduction gas detector system to gaseous hydrocarbons under different conditions , 1995 .

[50]  H. Westberg,et al.  Analysis of monoterpene hydrocarbons in rural atmospheres , 1979 .

[51]  G. Lambert,et al.  Light hydrocarbons vertical profiles and fluxes in a french rural area , 1989 .

[52]  H. Singh,et al.  Sensitive gas chromatographic detection of acetaldehyde and acetone using a reduction gas detector , 1988 .

[53]  W. Bruening,et al.  Selective detector for gas chromatography based on the chemiluminescence of ozone reactions , 1975 .

[54]  A. D’Ulivo,et al.  Simultaneous detection of alkylselenide, alkyllead and alkyltin compounds by gas chromatography using a multi-channel non-dispersive atomic fluorescence spectrometric detector and a miniature flame as the atomiser , 1986 .

[55]  C. N. Hewitt,et al.  Emissions of volatile organic compounds from vegetation and the implications for atmospheric chemistry , 1992 .

[56]  I. Zenkevich,et al.  Volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere of forests , 1985 .

[57]  Xu-Liang Cao,et al.  Determination of reactive hydrocarbons by capillary gas chromatography with the reduction gas detector , 1994 .

[58]  Y. Nojiri,et al.  Application of gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry to carbon isotopic analysis of methane and carbon monoxide in environmental samples , 1994 .

[59]  M. Khalil,et al.  Isoprene over the Amazon Basin , 1988 .