Antagonistic involvement of FIS and H‐NS proteins in the transcriptional control of hns expression

Gel shift and DNase I footprinting experiments showed that Escherichia coli FIS (factor for inversion stimulation) protein binds to at least seven sites in the promoter region of hns. These sites extend from −282 to +25 with two sites, closely flanking the DNA bend located at −150 from the transcriptional startpoint, partly overlapping the H‐NS binding sites involved in the transcriptional autorepression of hns. The interplay between FIS, H‐NS and the hns promoter region were studied by examining the effects of FIS and H‐NS on in vitro transcription of hns–cat fusions, as well as looking at the effect of FIS on preformed complexes containing H‐NS and a DNA fragment derived from the hns promoter region. Taken together, our data suggest that in the cell, FIS and H‐NS interact with the promoter region of hns and influence their respective interactions (possibly competing for the same binding site), eliciting antagonistic effects so that an interplay between these proteins might contribute to the transcriptional control of hns

[1]  F. Neidhardt,et al.  Stress response of Escherichia coli to elevated hydrostatic pressure , 1993, Journal of bacteriology.

[2]  R. Gourse,et al.  The transcriptional activator protein FIS: DNA interactions and cooperative interactions with RNA polymerase at the Escherichia coli rrnB P1 promoter. , 1995, Journal of molecular biology.

[3]  T. Mizuno,et al.  Solution structure of the DNA binding domain of a nucleoid‐associated protein, H‐NS, from Escherichia coli , 1995, FEBS letters.

[4]  C. Ball,et al.  Isolation of the gene encoding the Hin recombinational enhancer binding protein. , 1988, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[5]  W. Fiers,et al.  Improved plasmid vectors with a thermoinducible expression and temperature-regulated runaway replication. , 1983, Gene.

[6]  D. Ussery,et al.  The chromatin-associated protein H-NS. , 1994, Biochimie.

[7]  R. Kahmann,et al.  The N-terminal part of the E.coli DNA binding protein FIS is essential for stimulating site-specific DNA inversion but is not required for specific DNA binding. , 1991, Nucleic acids research.

[8]  Molly B. Schmid,et al.  More than just “Histone-like” proteins , 1990, Cell.

[9]  C. Gualerzi,et al.  Identification of a cold shock transcriptional enhancer of the Escherichia coli gene encoding nucleoid protein H-NS. , 1991, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[10]  T. Okazaki,et al.  Construction and characterization of the deletion mutant of hupA and hupB genes in Escherichia coli. , 1988, Journal of molecular biology.

[11]  T. Bickle,et al.  Purification and DNA-binding properties of FIS and Cin, two proteins required for the bacteriophage P1 site-specific recombination system, cin. , 1987, Journal of molecular biology.

[12]  L. Bosch,et al.  FIS-dependent trans activation of stable RNA operons of Escherichia coli under various growth conditions , 1992, Journal of bacteriology.

[13]  F. Imamoto,et al.  Histone-like proteins are required for cell growth and constraint of supercoils in DNA. , 1992, Gene.

[14]  Characterization of the structural genes for the DNA‐binding protein H‐NS in Enterobacteriaceae , 1989, FEBS letters.

[15]  The molecular structure of wild-type and a mutant Fis protein: relationship between mutational changes and recombinational enhancer function or DNA binding. , 1991, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[16]  W. Saenger,et al.  Three-dimensional structure of the E. coli DMA-binding protein FIS , 1991, Nature.

[17]  C. Gualerzi,et al.  Interaction of the main cold shock protein CS7.4 (CspA) of Escherichia coli with the promoter region of hns. , 1994, Biochimie.

[18]  C. Higgins,et al.  Protein H1: a role for chromatin structure in the regulation of bacterial gene expression and virulence? , 1990, Molecular microbiology.

[19]  R. D'ari,et al.  The leucine-responsive regulatory protein: more than a regulator? , 1993, Trends in biochemical sciences.

[20]  Roberto Spurio,et al.  Expression of the gene encoding the major bacterial nucleoid protein H‐NS is subject to transcriptional auto‐repression , 1993, Molecular microbiology.

[21]  C. Ball,et al.  Dramatic changes in Fis levels upon nutrient upshift in Escherichia coli , 1992, Journal of bacteriology.

[22]  M. Schnarr,et al.  The protein HU can displace the LexA repressor from its DNA‐binding sites , 1994, Molecular microbiology.

[23]  E. Bremer,et al.  Characterization of mutations affecting the osmoregulated proU promoter of Escherichia coli and identification of 5' sequences required for high-level expression , 1991, Journal of bacteriology.

[24]  Ian R. Booth,et al.  A physiological role for DNA supercoiling in the osmotic regulation of gene expression in S. typhimurium and E. coli , 1988, Cell.

[25]  R. C. Johnson,et al.  The Fis protein: it's not just for DNA inversion anymore , 1992, Molecular microbiology.

[26]  W. Messer,et al.  Functions of histone-like proteins in the initiation of DNA replication at oriC of Escherichia coli. , 1994, Biochimie.

[27]  B. Kempf,et al.  Interactions of the nucleoid-associated DNA-binding protein H-NS with the regulatory region of the osmotically controlled proU operon of Escherichia coli. , 1994, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[28]  W. Arber,et al.  Mutational analysis of a prokaryotic recombinational enhancer element with two functions. , 1989, The EMBO journal.

[29]  R. Wagner,et al.  Evidence for a regulatory function of the histone‐like Escherichia coli protein H‐NS in ribosomal RNA synthesis , 1994, Molecular microbiology.

[30]  A. Ishihama,et al.  Protein-protein communication within the transcription apparatus , 1993, Journal of bacteriology.

[31]  C. Pon,et al.  Proteins from the prokaryotic nucleoid: primary and quaternary structure of the 15‐kD Escherichia coli DNA binding protein H‐NS , 1988, Molecular microbiology.

[32]  A. Sirko,et al.  The role of integration host factor In gene expression in Escherichia coli , 1992, Molecular microbiology.

[33]  W. Gilbert,et al.  Sequencing end-labeled DNA with base-specific chemical cleavages. , 1980, Methods in enzymology.

[34]  R. C. Johnson,et al.  Identification of genes negatively regulated by Fis: Fis and RpoS comodulate growth-phase-dependent gene expression in Escherichia coli , 1995, Journal of bacteriology.

[35]  Kano Yasunobu,et al.  Histone-like proteins are required for cell growth and constraint of supercoils in DNA. , 1992 .

[36]  N. Craig,et al.  E. coli integration host factor binds to specific sites in DNA , 1984, Cell.

[37]  R. C. Johnson,et al.  Identification of two functional regions in Fis: the N‐terminus is required to promote Hin‐mediated DNA inversion but not lambda excision. , 1991, The EMBO journal.

[38]  A. Spassky,et al.  Sequence determinants for H1 binding on Escherichia coli lac and gal promoters. , 1990, Biochemistry.

[39]  D. Ussery,et al.  The chromatin‐associated protein H‐NS alters DNA topology in vitro. , 1994, The EMBO journal.

[40]  C. A. Thomas,et al.  Molecular cloning. , 1977, Advances in pathobiology.

[41]  R. Kahmann,et al.  G inversion in bacteriophage Mu DNA is stimulated by a site within the invertase gene and a host factor , 1985, Cell.

[42]  A. Landy.  Mechanistic and structural complexity in the site-specific recombination pathways of Int and FLP. , 1993, Current opinion in genetics & development.

[43]  J. Vandekerckhove,et al.  Escherichia coli host factor for site-specific DNA inversion: cloning and characterization of the fis gene. , 1988, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[44]  M. Porter,et al.  A role for H-NS in the thermo-osmotic regulation of virulence gene expression in Shigella flexneri , 1994, Journal of bacteriology.

[45]  E. Bremer,et al.  Synthesis of the Escherichia coli K‐12 nucleoid‐associated DNA‐binding protein H‐NS is subjected to growth‐phase control and autoregulation , 1993, Molecular microbiology.

[46]  A. Travers,et al.  FIS and RNA polymerase holoenzyme form a specific nucleoprotein complex at a stable RNA promoter. , 1995, The EMBO journal.

[47]  G. Bennett,et al.  Modulation of acid-induced amino acid decarboxylase gene expression by hns in Escherichia coli , 1993, Journal of bacteriology.