Math Anxiety: Can Teachers Help Students Reduce It? Ask the Cognitive Scientist.

How does the mind work—and especially how does it learn? Teachers' instructional decisions are based on a mix of theories learned in teacher education, trial and error, craft knowledge, and gut instinct. Such knowledge often serves us well, but is there anything sturdier to rely on? Cognitive science is an interdisciplinary field of researchers from psychology, neuroscience, linguistics, philosophy, computer science,

[1]  M. Knott,et al.  Intentionally Left Blank , 2016 .

[2]  Mary Lou Duffy,et al.  Equity for All Students in the New Millennium , 2002 .

[3]  Leonard C. Lindstrom,et al.  Effectiveness of a Mathematics Methods Course in Reducing Math Anxiety of Preservice Elementary Teachers , 1998 .

[4]  S. Y. Nickols,et al.  Planning for Retirement Security: What Helps or Hinders Women in the Middle Years?. , 1988 .

[5]  Vinod Menon,et al.  The Neurodevelopmental Basis of Math Anxiety , 2012, Psychological science.

[6]  S. Tobias.  Math anxiety. , 1987, Science.

[7]  Janellen Huttenlocher,et al.  What counts in the development of young children's number knowledge? , 2010, Developmental psychology.

[8]  Sian L. Beilock,et al.  Math anxiety: who has it, why it develops, and how to guard against it , 2012, Trends in Cognitive Sciences.

[9]  Michael J. Kieffer,et al.  Mathematics anxiety in young children: Concurrent and longitudinal associations with mathematical performance , 2013 .

[10]  S. Lyubomirsky,et al.  Opening up in the classroom: effects of expressive writing on graduate school entrance exam performance. , 2011, Emotion.

[11]  R. Engle.  Working Memory Capacity as Executive Attention , 2002 .

[12]  Sian L. Beilock,et al.  Mathematics anxiety: separating the math from the anxiety. , 2012, Cerebral cortex.

[13]  M. Ashcraft.  Math Anxiety: Personal, Educational, and Cognitive Consequences , 2002 .

[14]  Susan C. Levine,et al.  Math Anxiety, Working Memory, and Math Achievement in Early Elementary School , 2013 .

[15]  Pierre Barrouillet,et al.  Working memory and children's use of retrieval to solve addition problems. , 2005, Journal of experimental child psychology.

[16]  Sian L. Beilock,et al.  Writing About Testing Worries Boosts Exam Performance in the Classroom , 2011, Science.

[17]  Sian L. Beilock,et al.  The role of expressive writing in math anxiety. , 2014, Journal of experimental psychology. Applied.

[18]  W. Jones.  Applying Psychology to the Teaching of Basic Math: A Case Study. , 2001 .

[19]  Catherine Good,et al.  “It's ok — Not everyone can be good at math”: Instructors with an entity theory comfort (and demotivate) students , 2012 .

[20]  Evan F. Risko,et al.  Reducing the Sex Difference in Math Anxiety: The Role of Spatial Processing Ability. , 2012 .

[21]  Sian L. Beilock,et al.  Female teachers’ math anxiety affects girls’ math achievement , 2010, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[22]  Daniel Ansari,et al.  Mathematics anxiety affects counting but not subitizing during visual enumeration , 2010, Cognition.

[23]  Jihyun Lee,et al.  Universals and Specifics of Math Self-Concept, Math Self-Efficacy, and Math Anxiety across 41 PISA 2003 Participating Countries. , 2009 .

[24]  Michael W. Faust.  Mathematics Anxiety Effects in Simple and Complex Addition , 1996 .