Serial FEM/XFEM-Based Update of Preoperative Brain Images Using Intraoperative MRI

Current neuronavigation systems cannot adapt to changing intraoperative conditions over time. To overcome this limitation, we present an experimental end-to-end system capable of updating 3D preoperative images in the presence of brain shift and successive resections. The heart of our system is a nonrigid registration technique using a biomechanical model, driven by the deformations of key surfaces tracked in successive intraoperative images. The biomechanical model is deformed using FEM or XFEM, depending on the type of deformation under consideration, namely, brain shift or resection. We describe the operation of our system on two patient cases, each comprising five intraoperative MR images, and we demonstrate that our approach significantly improves the alignment of nonrigidly registered images.

[1]  Martha Elizabeth Shenton,et al.  A Novel Nonrigid Registration Algorithm and Applications , 2001, MICCAI.

[2]  Ron Kikinis,et al.  Tracking Volumetric Brain Deformation During Image Guided Neurosurgery , 2001 .

[3]  J. Dolbow,et al.  Enrichment of enhanced assumed strain approximations for representing strong discontinuities: addressing volumetric incompressibility and the discontinuous patch test , 2004 .

[4]  Takeo Kanade,et al.  Modifying Soft Tissue Models: Progressive Cutting with Minimal New Element Creation , 2000, MICCAI.

[5]  M. Duflot,et al.  A meshless method with enriched weight functions for fatigue crack growth , 2004 .

[6]  Karol Miller,et al.  Brain mechanics For neurosurgery: modeling issues , 2002, Biomechanics and modeling in mechanobiology.

[7]  N. Hata,et al.  Serial Intraoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Brain Shift , 2001, Neurosurgery.

[8]  J. Z. Zhu,et al.  The finite element method , 1977 .

[9]  T. Belytschko,et al.  MODELING HOLES AND INCLUSIONS BY LEVEL SETS IN THE EXTENDED FINITE-ELEMENT METHOD , 2001 .

[10]  Ron Kikinis,et al.  Adaptive Template Moderated Spatially Varying Statistical Classification , 1998, MICCAI.

[11]  T. Belytschko,et al.  Extended finite element method for three-dimensional crack modelling , 2000 .

[12]  Ron Kikinis,et al.  Registration of 3-d intraoperative MR images of the brain using a finite-element biomechanical model , 2000, IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging.

[13]  Keith D. Paulsen,et al.  Displacement estimation with co-registered ultrasound for image guided neurosurgery: a quantitative in vivo porcine study , 2003, IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging.

[14]  Christophe Phillips,et al.  Generalized expectation-maximization segmentation of brain MR images , 2006, SPIE Medical Imaging.

[15]  Anil K. Jain,et al.  A modified Hausdorff distance for object matching , 1994, Proceedings of 12th International Conference on Pattern Recognition.

[16]  Wing Kam Liu,et al.  Nonlinear Finite Elements for Continua and Structures , 2000 .

[17]  Milan Sonka,et al.  "Handbook of Medical Imaging, Volume 2. Medical Image Processing and Analysis " , 2000 .

[18]  K. Paulsen,et al.  Modeling of Retraction and Resection for Intraoperative Updating of Images , 2001, Neurosurgery.

[19]  Haiying Liu,et al.  Measurement and analysis of brain deformation during neurosurgery , 2003, IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging.

[20]  Hervé Delingette,et al.  Robust nonrigid registration to capture brain shift from intraoperative MRI , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging.

[21]  Karol Miller,et al.  New Finite Element Algorithm for Surgical Simulation , 2006 .

[22]  K. Rohr,et al.  Biomechanical modeling of the human head for physically based, nonrigid image registration , 1999, IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging.

[23]  Han-Wen Nienhuys,et al.  Cutting in deformable objects , 2003 .

[24]  Bernard Gibaud,et al.  Integration of sulcal and functional information for multimodal neuronavigation. , 2002, Journal of neurosurgery.

[25]  W. Eric L. Grimson,et al.  An Anisotropic Material Model for Image Guided Neurosurgery , 2004, MICCAI.

[26]  Karol Miller,et al.  Neuroimage Registration as Displacement - Zero Traction Problem of Solid Mechanics , 2006 .

[27]  Ron Kikinis,et al.  Registration of 3D Intraoperative MR Images of the Brain Using a Finite Element Biomechanical Model , 2001, IEEE Trans. Medical Imaging.

[28]  J. Prévost,et al.  Modeling quasi-static crack growth with the extended finite element method Part I: Computer implementation , 2003 .

[29]  J. Remacle,et al.  Gmsh: A 3‐D finite element mesh generator with built‐in pre‐ and post‐processing facilities , 2009 .

[30]  Karol Miller,et al.  Patient-specific model of brain deformation: application to medical image registration. , 2007, Journal of biomechanics.

[31]  Hervé Delingette,et al.  Cutting Simulation of Manifold Volumetric Meshes , 2002, MICCAI.

[32]  Christophe Geuzaine,et al.  Gmsh: A 3‐D finite element mesh generator with built‐in pre‐ and post‐processing facilities , 2009 .

[33]  Terry M. Peters,et al.  An integrated range-sensing, segmentation and registration framework for the characterization of intra-surgical brain deformations in image-guided surgery , 2003, Comput. Vis. Image Underst..

[34]  Jerry L. Prince,et al.  Medical image seg-mentation using deformable models , 2000 .

[35]  Keith D. Paulsen,et al.  In vivo quantification of a homogeneous brain deformation model for updating preoperative images during surgery , 2000, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[36]  Karol Miller,et al.  Modelling brain deformations for computer‐integrated neurosurgery , 2010 .

[37]  Gábor Székely,et al.  Hybrid Cutting of Deformable Solids , 2006, IEEE Virtual Reality Conference (VR 2006).

[38]  Simon K. Warfield,et al.  Enhanced FEM-based modeling of brain shift deformation in Image-Guided Neurosurgery , 2010, J. Comput. Appl. Math..

[39]  Simon K Warfield,et al.  2D XFEM-based modeling of retraction and successive resections for preoperative image update , 2009, Computer aided surgery : official journal of the International Society for Computer Aided Surgery.

[40]  Keith D. Paulsen,et al.  Stereopsis-guided brain shift compensation , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging.

[41]  Hervé Delingette,et al.  Removing tetrahedra from manifold tetrahedralisation: application to real-time surgical simulation , 2005, Medical Image Anal..

[42]  K. Paulsen,et al.  A computational model for tracking subsurface tissue deformation during stereotactic neurosurgery , 1999, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[43]  T. Peters,et al.  Intraoperative ultrasound for guidance and tissue shift correction in image-guided neurosurgery. , 2000, Medical physics.

[44]  Yohan Payan,et al.  Framework and Bio-Mechanical Model for a Per-Operative Image-Guided Neuronavigator Including 'Brain-Shift' Compensation , 2006 .

[45]  Markus H. Gross,et al.  A state machine for real-time cutting of tetrahedral meshes , 2004, Graph. Model..

[46]  Ron Kikinis,et al.  Serial registration of intraoperative MR images of the brain , 2002, Medical Image Anal..

[47]  Paolo Cignoni,et al.  A Multiresolution Model for Soft Objects Supporting Interactive Cuts and Lacerations , 2000, Comput. Graph. Forum.

[48]  Karl Rohr,et al.  Coupling of fluid and elastic models for biomechanical simulations of brain deformations using FEM , 2002, Medical Image Anal..

[49]  Hartmut Dickhaus,et al.  Quantification of brain shift effects by MR-imaging , 1997, Proceedings of the 19th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. 'Magnificent Milestones and Emerging Opportunities in Medical Engineering' (Cat. No.97CH36136).

[50]  K. Paulsen,et al.  Intraoperatively updated neuroimaging using brain modeling and sparse data. , 1999, Neurosurgery.

[51]  Keith Paulsen,et al.  Data assimilation using a gradient descent method for estimation of intraoperative brain deformation , 2009, Medical Image Anal..

[52]  Ron Kikinis,et al.  Augmenting intraoperative MRI with preoperative fMRI and DTI by biomechanical simulation of brain deformation , 2003, SPIE Medical Imaging.

[53]  Olivier Clatz,et al.  Non-rigid alignment of pre-operative MRI, fMRI, and DT-MRI with intra-operative MRI for enhanced visualization and navigation in image-guided neurosurgery , 2007, NeuroImage.

[54]  Julien Cohen-Adad,et al.  Knowledge modeling in image-guided neurosurgery: application in understanding intraoperative brain shift , 2006, SPIE Medical Imaging.

[55]  Peter Hastreiter,et al.  Strategies for brain shift evaluation , 2004, Medical Image Anal..

[56]  Demetri Terzopoulos,et al.  Snakes: Active contour models , 2004, International Journal of Computer Vision.

[57]  Simon K. Warfield,et al.  3D FEM/XFEM-based Biomechanical Brain Modeling for Preoperative Image Update , 2007 .

[58]  Ted Belytschko,et al.  A finite element method for crack growth without remeshing , 1999 .

[59]  Carl-Fredrik Westin,et al.  Capturing intraoperative deformations: research experience at Brigham and Women's hospital , 2005, Medical Image Anal..

[60]  Isabelle Bloch,et al.  From 3D magnetic resonance images to structural representations of the cortex topography using topology preserving deformations , 1995, Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision.

[61]  Keith D. Paulsen,et al.  Assimilating intraoperative data with brain shift modeling using the adjoint equations , 2005, Medical Image Anal..

[62]  M. Ferrant.  Physics-based Deformable Modeling of Volumes and Surfaces for Medical Image Registration, Segmentation and Visualization , 2001 .

[63]  Han-Wen Nienhuys,et al.  A Surgery Simulation Supporting Cuts and Finite Element Deformation , 2001, MICCAI.

[64]  James S. Duncan,et al.  Model-driven brain shift compensation , 2002, Medical Image Anal..

[65]  Lenka Jerábková,et al.  Stable Cutting of Deformable Objects in Virtual Environments Using XFEM , 2009, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications.

[66]  Gábor Székely,et al.  A New Approach to Cutting into Finite Element Models , 2001, MICCAI.

[67]  E. Verron,et al.  Stress analysis around crack tips in finite strain problems using the eXtended finite element method , 2005 .

[68]  Yazid Abdelaziz,et al.  Review: A survey of the extended finite element , 2008 .