Distribution of arsenic and associated fungal invaders in MSMA-trated lodgepole pines, and their relationship to mortality of the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonius ponderosae Hopkins

The LC,, of MSMA (monosodium methanearsonate) for 1st and 2nd instar mountain pine beetle, D e n d r o c t o n u s p o n d e r o s a e Hopkins, beetle larvae mining for 4 days in ground phloem tissue impregnated with methane arsonjc acid (CH3As03H,) was determined to be 102 ppm. Lodgepole pines, Pi nus c o n t or t a var. 1 at if 01 i a Engelmann, were treated with 1/8-, 1/4-, and 1/2-strength MSMA applied in an axe-frill at the base of the bole. X-ray flourescence spectroscopy of phloem and sapwood from treated trees disclosed significant accumulations of arsenic from the stump to 2 m above the application point. The mean arsenic content from between 2 m and 8 m in height averaged less than 5 ppm, not significantly higher than the concentration of arsenic naturally nccurring in lodgepole pine. However, significant amounts of arsenic accumulated in the foliage of these trees, and in some cases in the upper bole. Attacking mountain pine beetles would not encounter sufficient arsenic in its organic form above 2 m on the bole to cause mortality of the brood larvae. Lodgepole pines infested with the mountain pine beetle and treated with 1/4-strength MSMA had high arsenic accumulations below and at the application point, but at no height above this point, except in the foliage, were arsenic concentrations higher than 5 ppm. Judging from the concentrations of arsenic in the foliage, enough arsenic could have passed through the tissues to kill or inhibit the brood beetles within the trees, but beetle mortality

[1]  L. Norris,et al.  Arsenic in the forest environment after thinning with MSMA and cacodylic acid , 1983, Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology.

[2]  J. D'auria,et al.  Determination of germanium in an ancient tree (Larch) using energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy , 1982 .

[3]  J. Webber.  A natural biological control of Dutch elm disease , 1981, Nature.

[4]  A. Funk.  Parasitic microfungi of western trees. , 1981 .

[5]  H. Upadhyay.  Monograph of Ceratocystis and Ceratocystiopsis , 1981 .

[6]  T. L. Shore,et al.  Forest insect and disease conditions British Columbia and Yukon/1980. , 1993 .

[7]  G. N. Lanier,et al.  Field evaluation of pheromone-baited trap trees to control elm bark beetles, vectors of Dutch elm disease. , 1980 .

[8]  A. Markowicz.  A method of correction for absorption matrix effects in samples of ‘intermediate’ thickness in EDXRF analysis , 1979 .

[9]  Eugene P. Bertin,et al.  Introduction to X-Ray Spectrometric Analysis , 1978 .

[10]  P. E. Buffam,et al.  POST-ATTACK INJECTION OF SILVISAR 510 (CACODYLIC ACID) IN SPRUCE BEETLE (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) INFESTED TREES , 1977, The Canadian Entomologist.

[11]  J. D'auria,et al.  Quantitative analysis of trace elements in human blood and plasma by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence. , 1977, Clinical biochemistry.

[12]  J. M. Schmid,et al.  Refinement of the Lethal Trap Tree Method for Spruce Beetle Control , 1976 .

[13]  J. L. Foltz,et al.  Quantitative Evaluation of Frontalure and Cacodylic Acid Treatment Effects on Within-Tree Populations of the Southern Pine Beetle , 1975 .

[14]  L. Norris,et al.  Effect of Cacodylic Acid and MSMA on Microbes in Forest Floor and Soil , 1974, Weed Science.

[15]  P. E. Buffam,et al.  Fall Cacodylic Acid Treatments to Produce Lethal Traps for Spruce Beetles , 1973 .

[16]  F. M. Ashton,et al.  Mode of Action of Herbicides , 1973 .

[17]  H. Barnett,et al.  Illustrated Genera of Imperfect Fungi , 1972 .

[18]  H. A. Holt,et al.  Scolytid and Buprestid Mortality in Ponderosa Pines Injected with Organic Arsenicals123 , 1971 .

[19]  R. Frye,et al.  Spruce Beetle Mortality in Cacodylic Acid-Treated Engelmann Spruce Trap Trees , 1971 .

[20]  P. E. Buffam.  Spruce Beetle Suppression in Trap Trees Treated with Cacodylic Acid , 1971 .

[21]  H. A. Liebhafsky,et al.  Practical X-ray spectrometry , 1969 .

[22]  J. F. Chansler,et al.  Bark beetle mortality in trees injected with cacodylic acid (herbicide). , 1966, Journal of economic entomology.

[23]  W. D. Bedard.  A Ground Phloem Medium for Rearing Immature Bark Beetles (Scolytidae) , 1966 .

[24]  J. A. Baranyay.  FUNGI FROM DWARF MISTLETOE INFECTIONS IN WESTERN HEMLOCK , 1966 .

[25]  S. Swaroop.,et al.  Statistical methods in malaria eradication. , 1966, Monograph series. World Health Organization.

[26]  R. Shepherd.  Distribution of Attacks by Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopk. on Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm. , 1965, The Canadian Entomologist.

[27]  Robena C. Robinson-Jeffrey,et al.  A NEW FUNGUS IN THE GENUS CERATOCYSTIS OCCURRING ON BLUE-STAINED LODGEPOLE PINE ATTACKED BY BARK BEETLES , 1964 .

[28]  R. Reid.  Biology of the Mountain Pine Beetle, Dendroctonus monticolae Hopkins, in the East Kootenay Region of British Columbia I. Life Cycle, Brood Development, and Flight Periods , 1962, The Canadian Entomologist.