Assessing the effects of global warming and local social and economic conditions on the malaria transmission.

OBJECTIVE To show how a mathematical model can be used to describe and to understand the malaria transmission. METHODS The effects on malaria transmission due to the impact of the global temperature changes and prevailing social and economic conditions in a community were assessed based on a previously presented compartmental model, which describes the overall transmission of malaria. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS The assessments were made from the scenarios produced by the model both in steady state and dynamic analyses. Depending on the risk level of malaria, the effects on malaria transmission can be predicted by the temperature ambient or local social and-economic conditions.

[1]  L. Camargo,et al.  Hypoendemic malaria in Rondonia (Brazil, western Amazon region): seasonal variation and risk groups in an urban locality. , 1996, The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene.

[2]  W. Takken,et al.  Model Simulations To Estimate Malaria Risk Under Climate Change , 1996 .

[3]  C. Chougnet,et al.  Is immunity to malaria really short-lived? , 1992, Parasitology today.

[4]  J. Patz,et al.  Global climate change and emerging infectious diseases. , 1996, JAMA.

[5]  H M Yang,et al.  Malaria transmission model for different levels of acquired immunity and temperature-dependent parameters (vector). , 2000, Revista de saude publica.

[6]  S. Lal,et al.  Epidemiology and control of malaria , 1999, Indian journal of pediatrics.

[7]  Hyun Mo Yang Modelling Vaccination Strategy Against Directly Transmitted Diseases Using a Series of Pulses , 1998 .

[8]  S. Lindsay,et al.  Climate change and malaria transmission. , 1996, Annals of tropical medicine and parasitology.

[9]  M. Loevinsohn,et al.  Climatic warming and increased malaria incidence in Rwanda , 1994, The Lancet.

[10]  Effects of vaccination programmes on transmission rates of infections and related threshold conditions for control. , 1993, IMA journal of mathematics applied in medicine and biology.

[11]  M. J. Packer,et al.  Vector-borne diseases, models, and global change , 1993, The Lancet.

[12]  R. Nussenzweig,et al.  Potential vectors of malaria and their different susceptibility to Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax in northern Brazil identified by immunoassay. , 1986, The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene.

[13]  D. Warrell,et al.  Bruce-Chwatt's essential malariology. , 1993 .

[14]  A. Saul Transmission dynamics of Plasmodium falciparum. , 1996, Parasitology today.

[15]  R. Snow,et al.  Why do some African children develop severe malaria? , 1991, Parasitology today.

[16]  William H. Press,et al.  Numerical recipes : the art of scientific computing : FORTRAN version , 1989 .