ITERATIVE TIME-REVERSAL MIRROR METHOD FOR IMAGING THE BURIED OBJECT BENEATH ROUGH GROUND SURFACE

An iterative Time-Reversal Mirror (TRM) method is proposed to Detect and Image the buried target beneath ground surface. Unlike the conventional TRM methods which treat the information of the ground as clutters and directly delete them, the iterative TRM imaging method proposed in this paper utilizes the information of rough ground surface as a useful knowledge. The new approach is consisted of two TRM procedures. In the flrst TRM procedure, it aims to image the rough surface where the propagation environment for electromagnetic wave is free space. The second TRM procedure aims to image the buried target. In this step, the information of the rough surface estimated by the flrst TRM procedure will be treated as newly updated propagation environment. Then conventional TRM is applied to image the buried target. By applying this iterative TRM method, the information of the rough ground can be well considered in the whole TRM procedure. Numerical simulations prove that this method performs signiflcantly better image contrast comparing with the results obtained by using conventional TRM. 4{5dB improvement on the imaging SNR has been achieved. Furthermore, the target can be located more accurately.

[1]  Jeffrey L. Krolik,et al.  Electromagnetic Target Detection in Uncertain Media: Time-Reversal and Minimum-Variance Algorithms , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.

[2]  Guillaume Bal,et al.  Time Reversal and Refocusing in Random Media , 2003, SIAM J. Appl. Math..

[3]  M. Fink.  Time reversed acoustics , 2001 .

[4]  Serena Matucci,et al.  The Detection of Buried Pipes From Time-of-Flight Radar Data , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.

[5]  Francesco Soldovieri,et al.  GPR Response From Buried Pipes: Measurement on Field Site and Tomographic Reconstructions , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.

[6]  L. Carin,et al.  Optimal time-domain detection of a deterministic target buried under a randomly rough interface , 2001 .

[7]  Xudong Chen.  Time-reversal Operator for a Small Sphere in Electromagnetic Fields , 2007 .

[8]  Leung Tsang,et al.  Monte-Carlo simulations of large-scale problems of random rough surface scattering and applications to grazing incidence with the BMIA/canonical grid method , 1995 .

[9]  Z. Nie,et al.  APPLICATION OF TRM IN THE UWB THROUGH WALL RADAR , 2008 .

[10]  Valery L. Mironov,et al.  Frequency Dependence of Permittivity of Free and Bound Water in Soils for Different Textures , 2009 .

[11]  David J. Daniels,et al.  A review of GPR for landmine detection , 2006 .

[12]  L. Carin,et al.  Ultrawide-band synthetic aperture radar for detection of unexploded ordnance: modeling and measurements , 2000 .

[13]  Zhiqin Zhao,et al.  EVALUATION OF TRM IN THE COMPLEX THROUGH WALL ENVIRONMENT , 2009 .

[14]  M. Saillard,et al.  TIME REVERSAL EXPERIMENTS IN THE MICROWAVE RANGE: DESCRIPTION OF THE RADAR AND RESULTS , 2010 .

[15]  Gilles Bertrand,et al.  Watershed Cuts: Thinnings, Shortest Path Forests, and Topological Watersheds , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[16]  Jianyu Yang,et al.  A Back-projection algorithm to stepped-frequency synthetic aperture through-the-wall radar imaging , 2007, 2007 1st Asian and Pacific Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar.

[17]  Lawrence Carin,et al.  Multi-aspect detection of surface and shallow-buried unexploded ordnance via ultra-wideband synthetic aperture radar , 2001, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[18]  Marc Saillard,et al.  Decomposition of the Time Reversal Operator for Electromagnetic Scattering , 1999 .

[19]  Lawrence Carin,et al.  Hidden Markov models for multiaspect target classification , 1999, IEEE Trans. Signal Process..

[20]  Shaoqiu Xiao,et al.  PERFORMANCE OF IMPULSE RADIO UWB COMMUNICATIONS BASED ON TIME REVERSAL TECHNIQUE , 2008 .

[21]  Lianlin Li,et al.  Through-the-Wall Target Localization with Time Reversal MUSIC Method , 2010 .

[22]  G. Lerosey,et al.  Theory of Electromagnetic Time-Reversal Mirrors , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[23]  Yogadhish Das,et al.  Effects of soil electromagnetic properties on metal detectors , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.

[24]  Glenn S. Smith,et al.  A fully three-dimensional simulation of a ground-penetrating radar: FDTD theory compared with experiment , 1996, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[25]  L. Carin,et al.  Analysis of scattering from very large three-dimensional rough surfaces using MLFMM and ray-based analyses , 2005, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine.

[26]  Inder J. Gupta,et al.  A novel signal processing technique for clutter reduction in GPR measurements of small, shallow land mines , 2000, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[27]  Amir Asif,et al.  Time-Reversal Ground-Penetrating Radar: Range Estimation With Cramér–Rao Lower Bounds , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.