Drosophila dSmad2 and Atr‐I transmit activin/TGFβ signals

Much is known about the three subfamilies of the TGFβ superfamily in vertebrates—the TGFβs, dpp/BMPs, and activins. Signalling in each subfamily is dependent on both shared and unique cell surface receptors and Smads. In invertebrates, mutants for BMP pathway components have been extensively characterized, but thus far, evidence for an activin‐ or TGFβ‐like pathway has been lacking, preventing the use of the extensive genetic tools available for studying several key issues of TGFβ signalling.

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