Current Status of Marek's Disease in the United States and Worldwide Based on a Questionnaire Survey

SUMMARY.  A questionnaire was widely distributed in 2011 to estimate the global prevalence of Marek's disease (MD) and gain a better understanding of current control strategies and future concerns. A total of 112 questionnaires were returned representing 116 countries from sources including national branch secretaries of the World Veterinary Poultry Association, vaccine, breeder, and production companies, as well as MD researchers from various backgrounds. Each country listed on a questionnaire was recorded as an individual entry, and on average there were 2.0 entries per country (median 1; range 1–13). All flock types were listed as having increased MD incidence during the last 10 yr in close to 50% of countries by at least one respondent, with the majority of these countries located within French-speaking Africa, Eastern Europe, East Asia, and South America. Only 18 countries (16%) indicated increasing MD incidence was likely due to higher virulent strains, while the presence of other immunosuppressive diseases was a more common explanation. Increased use of CVI988/Rispens was cited as the most likely reason for decreasing MD incidence in 49 countries (42%). In the United States, MD incidence has continued to decrease during the last 10 yr, reaching a record low in 2007 (0.0008%) as measured by leukosis condemnation rates in broilers at slaughter. However, a recent increase of leukosis condemnations in North Carolina and Pennsylvania needs to be closely monitored. RESUMEN.  Nota de Investigación—Estado actual de la enfermedad de Marek en los Estados Unidos y en el mundo basado en una encuesta. Se distribuyó ampliamente un cuestionario en el año 2011 para estimar la prevalencia mundial de la enfermedad de Marek (MD) y para obtener una mejor comprensión de las estrategias de control actuales y de las preocupaciones futuras. Un total de 112 cuestionarios fueron devueltos representando 116 países. Las fuentes incluyeron secretarios de las representaciones en los diferentes países de la Asociación Veterinaria Avícola Mundial, también se incluyeron compañías de vacunas, de reproductoras y de producción, así como investigadores dedicados a la enfermedad de Marek con diversas especialidades. Cada país que aparece en el cuestionario se registró como una entrada individual, y en promedio se obtuvieron 2.0 entradas por cada país (mediana de 1, rango de uno a 13). Todos los tipos de parvadas fueron listadas con un aumento en la incidencia de la enfermedad de Marek durante los últimos 10 años en casi el 50% de los países por lo menos en una de las fuentes encuestadas, la mayoría de estos países se encontraron en el África francófona, Europa del Este, en el este de Asia y en América del Sur. Sólo 18 países (16%) indicaron que el aumento en la incidencia de la enfermedad de Marek probablemente se debió al aumento de cepas virulentas, mientras que la presencia de otras enfermedades inmunosupresoras fue la explicación más común. El uso mayor de la cepa CVI988/Rispens fue citada como la razón más probable de la disminución de la incidencia de la enfermedad de Marek en 49 países (42%). En los Estados Unidos, la incidencia de la enfermedad de Marek ha seguido disminuyendo durante los últimos 10 años, alcanzando un mínimo histórico en año 2007 (0.0008%), medida por las tasas de decomisos por tumores (decomisos clasificados genéricamente con el término: leucosis) en pollos de engorde en la planta de procesamiento. Sin embargo, un reciente aumento de los decomisos por leucosis en Carolina del Norte y Pennsylvania necesita ser estudiado de manera más profunda.

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