Stimuli dependent impedance of conductive magnetorheological elastomers

The structure dependent impedance of conductive magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) under different loads and magnetic fields has been studied in this work. By increasing the weight fraction of iron particles, the conductivity of the MREs increased. Dynamic mechanical measurements and synchrotron radiation x-ray computed tomography (SR-CT) were used and they provided reasons for the electrical properties changing significantly under pressure and magnetic field stimulation. The high sensitivity of MREs to external stimuli renders them suitable for application in force or magnetic field sensors. The equivalent circuit model was proposed to analyze the impedance response of MREs and it fits the experimental results very well. Each circuit component reflected the change of the inner interface under different conditions, thus relative changes in the microstructure could be distinguished. This method could be used not only to detect the structural changes in the MRE but also to provide a great deal of valuable information for the further understanding of the MR mechanism.

[1]  W. Li,et al.  Fabrication and characterization of PDMS based magnetorheological elastomers , 2013 .

[2]  Xiaofang Hu,et al.  In situ observations of fractures in short carbon fiber/epoxy composites , 2014 .

[3]  X. Gong,et al.  Effect of Cross-Link Density of the Matrix on the Damping Properties of Magnetorheological Elastomers , 2013 .

[4]  T. K. Chaki,et al.  Conductive rubber composites from different blends of ethylene-propylene-diene rubber and nitrile rubber , 1997 .

[5]  K. Shimizu,et al.  Positive-temperature-coefficient effect of electrical resistivity below melting point of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) in Ni particle-dispersed PVDF composites , 2012 .

[6]  Xin Lan,et al.  Electrical conductivity of thermoresponsive shape-memory polymer with embedded micron sized Ni powder chains , 2008 .

[7]  K. Chou,et al.  Effect of nano-sized silver particles on the resistivity of polymeric conductive adhesives , 2005 .

[8]  Strain sensing capabilities of iron/epoxy composites , 2017 .

[9]  B. Mace,et al.  Dynamic Properties of Magnetorheological Elastomers Based on Iron Sand and Natural Rubber , 2015 .

[10]  M. Yumura,et al.  Polymer Composites of Carbon Nanotubes Aligned by a Magnetic Field , 2002 .

[11]  S. K. Dwivedy,et al.  Dynamic stability of a rotating sandwich beam with magnetorheological elastomer core , 2014 .

[12]  M. Shamonin,et al.  Experimental study of the magnetic field enhanced Payne effect in magnetorheological elastomers. , 2014, Soft matter.

[13]  X. Gong,et al.  Preparation and mechanical properties of the magnetorheological elastomer based on natural rubber/rosin glycerin hybrid matrix , 2013 .

[14]  M. Tian,et al.  Study on the Structure and Properties of Conductive Silicone Rubber Filled with Nickel-Coated Graphite , 2010 .

[15]  Igor Krupa,et al.  Electroconductive adhesives based on epoxy and polyurethane resins filled with silver-coated inorganic fillers , 2004 .

[16]  I. Bica,et al.  Hybrid magnetorheological elastomer: Influence of magnetic field and compression pressure on its electrical conductivity , 2014 .

[17]  Numerical investigation on the magnetostrictive effect of magneto-sensitive elastomers based on a magneto-structural coupling algorithm , 2013 .

[18]  Xin Lan,et al.  Significantly reducing electrical resistivity by forming conductive Ni chains in a polyurethane shape-memory polymer/carbon-black composite , 2008 .

[19]  W. Hong,et al.  Magnetostriction and Field Stiffening of Magneto-Active Elastomers , 2015 .

[20]  Santosha K. Dwivedy,et al.  Fabrication and characterization of magnetorheological elastomer with carbon black , 2015 .

[21]  S. Odenbach,et al.  X-ray micro-tomographic characterization of field-structured magnetorheological elastomers , 2011 .

[22]  S. Ryu,et al.  Physical property and electrical conductivity of electroless Ag-plated carbon fiber-reinforced paper , 2006 .

[23]  F. Gordaninejad,et al.  Combined magnetic and mechanical sensing of magnetorheological elastomers , 2014 .

[24]  Nonlinear pressure-dependent conductivity of magnetorheological elastomers , 2010 .

[25]  Ioan Bica,et al.  The influence of the magnetic field on the elastic properties of anisotropic magnetorheological elastomers , 2012 .

[26]  Tongfei Tian,et al.  Sensing capabilities of graphite based MR elastomers , 2011 .

[27]  S. Odenbach,et al.  Investigation of the motion of particles in magnetorheological elastomers by X-μCT , 2014 .

[28]  Y. Raikher,et al.  Modeling of particle interactions in magnetorheological elastomers , 2014 .

[29]  F. Gordaninejad,et al.  Sensing Behavior of Magnetorheological Elastomers , 2009 .

[30]  H. Choi,et al.  Magnetic field intensity effect on plane electric capacitor characteristics and viscoelasticity of magnetorheological elastomer , 2012, Colloid and Polymer Science.

[31]  Ioan Bica,et al.  The influence of hydrostatic pressure and transverse magnetic field on the electric conductivity of the magnetorheological elastomers , 2012 .

[32]  I. Bica.  Magnetoresistor sensor with magnetorheological elastomers , 2011 .

[33]  Y. Kim,et al.  Fabrication of aligned carbon nanotube-filled rubber composite , 2006 .

[34]  I. Bica.  Magnetorheological elastomer-based quadrupolar element of electric circuits , 2010 .

[35]  Santosha K. Dwivedy,et al.  Dynamic analysis of magnetorheological elastomer-based sandwich beam with conductive skins under various boundary conditions , 2011 .

[36]  S. Odenbach,et al.  XμCT analysis of magnetic field-induced phase transitions in magnetorheological elastomers , 2012 .

[37]  Jae-Eung Oh,et al.  Investigation on variable shear modulus of magnetorheological elastomer based on natural rubber due to change of fabrication design , 2013 .

[38]  S. K. Dwivedy,et al.  Multi-frequency excitation of magnetorheological elastomer-based sandwich beam with conductive skins , 2012 .

[39]  T. K. Chaki,et al.  Effect of processing parameters, applied pressure and temperature on the electrical resistivity of rubber-based conductive composites , 2002 .

[40]  Xiaofang Hu,et al.  In situ investigation on the mixed-interaction mechanisms in the metal–ceramic system’s microwave sintering , 2014 .

[41]  Taixiang Liu,et al.  Magneto-induced microstructure characterization of magnetorheological plastomers using impedance spectroscopy , 2013 .

[42]  A. Zubarev,et al.  Effect of particle concentration on ferrogel magnetodeformation , 2015 .