TOURISM PLANNING: A Third Way?

Abstract The left/right divide in late 20 th and early 21 st century politics acts as a metaphor for the debates surrounding aid-funded tourism masterplanning where the traditional right, framed by the values of neoliberalism, sees market forces as providing the only alternative. On the other hand, modern world problems have emerged that go far beyond the assumptions upon which the left was founded. This paper takes Anthony Giddens’ proposals for a Third Way in politics and applies them to tourism in the context of the developing world. Giddens’ framework, which goes beyond liberal democracy, reveals that a Third Way approach could help resolve social issues that have been largely neglected by “masterplanning” approaches to tourism.

[1]  J. Krippendorf.  Towards new tourism policies: The importance of environmental and sociocultural factors , 1982 .

[2]  M. Stott.  Tourism development and the need for community action in Mykonos, Greece , 1996 .

[3]  W. Hutton.  The State To Come , 1997 .

[4]  J. Toye.  Dilemmas of development: Reflections on the counter-revolution in development theory and policy , 1987 .

[5]  P. Burns,et al.  Tourism : a new perspective , 1995 .

[6]  T. Selwyn.  The Anthropology of Tourism: Reflections on the state of the art , 1994 .

[7]  F. Fukuyama,et al.  The End of History, or a New Crisis?@@@The End of History and the Last Man. , 1993 .

[8]  Carl E. Boggs.  The End of Politics: Corporate Power and the Decline of the Public Sphere , 1999 .

[9]  E. D. Kadt.  Social planning for tourism in the developing countries , 1979 .

[10]  P. Pattullo,et al.  Last Resorts: The Cost of Tourism in the Caribbean , 1996 .

[11]  W. Keegan.  The Spectre Of Capitalism - The Future Of The World Economy After The Fall Of Communism , 1992 .

[12]  David Pepper,et al.  Eco-Socialism: From Deep Ecology to Social Justice , 1993 .

[13]  William R. Eadington,et al.  Tourism alternatives : potentials and problems in the development of tourism , 1992 .

[14]  Ankie Hoogvelt.  Globalization and the postcolonial world : the new political economy of development , 1998 .

[15]  K. Michael Haywood,et al.  Responsible and responsive tourism planning in the community. , 1988 .

[16]  Peter E. Murphy,et al.  Tourism: A Community Approach , 1987 .

[17]  A. Hoogvelt.  The Third World in Global Development , 1982 .

[18]  J. Bryden,et al.  Tourism and development : a case study of the Commonwealth Caribbean , 1974 .

[19]  T. Selwyn,et al.  Sustainable tourism in Mediterranean islands and small cities , 1997 .

[20]  Dallen J. Timothy,et al.  Participatory planninga View of Tourism in Indonesia , 1999 .

[21]  W. Hutton.  The State We're In , 1995 .

[22]  D. Kotz,et al.  Revolution From Above: The Demise of the Soviet System , 1997 .

[23]  T. Selwyn.  The tourist image: myths and myth making in tourism. , 1996 .

[24]  F. Ascher.  Tourism: Transnational Corporations and Cultural Identities , 1985 .

[25]  A. Bull,et al.  The Economics of Travel and Tourism , 1991 .

[26]  R. Wyllie.  Tourism and Society: A Guide to Problems and Issues , 2000 .

[27]  P. Burns.  Paradoxes in planning Tourism Elitism or Brutalism , 1999 .

[28]  A. Giddens.  The Third Way: The Renewal of Social Democracy , 1999 .

[29]  Emanuel De Kadt,et al.  Chapter 3. Making the Alternative Sustainable: Lessons from Development for Tourism , 1992 .

[30]  N. Leader‐Williams,et al.  TAKE ONLY PHOTOGRAPHS, LEAVE ONLY FOOTPRINTS: the environmental impacts of wildlife tourism , 1997 .

[31]  G. Chadwick.  A Systems View of Planning: Towards a Theory of the Urban and Regional Planning Process , 1971 .

[32]  M. Baud-Bovy.  New concepts in planning for tourism and recreation , 1982 .

[33]  S. Strange.  States and Markets. An Introduction to International Political Economy , 1989 .