Aggregation of Building Energy Demands for City-Scale Models

Smart Cities initiatives and its focus on city level energy policy management has emphasised the need for development of aggregated energy demand models. This study models aggregated energy demand in 16 single-family houses, which are investigated on energy performance. The energy performance is modelled with Termite which uses Danish Be10 for energy performance calculations according to EN ISO 13790. Two methods of aggregating the energy demand were examined: the first method was based on modelling the individual energy performances, while the second method used building typologies and archetypes. The results highlight that the latter represents quite well the respective buildings, but deviates from the actual measured heat consumption in the buildings. However, the modelled annual aggregated heat demand was found to be very close to the measured consumption. Extensive discussion on the challenges and uncertainties of the suggested city scale energy model is presented.