Membrane translocation of penetratin and its derivatives in different cell lines

The third helix of the homeodomain of the Antennapedia homeoprotein can translocate through the cell membrane into the nucleus and can be used as an intracellular vehicle for the delivery of oligopeptides and oligonucleotides. A 16‐amino acid‐long peptide fragment, called penetratin, is internalized by the cells in a specific, non‐receptor‐mediated manner. For a better understanding of the mechanism of the transfer, penetratin and two analogs were synthesized:

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