Priority-monotonic energy management for real-time systems with reliability requirements

Considering the impact of the popular energy management technique Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) on system reliability, the Reliability-Aware Power Management (RA-PM) problem has been recently explored to save energy while maintaining system reliability. In this work, focusing on Rate Monotonic Scheduling (RMS) policy, we study static RA-PM schemes for periodic realtime tasks. After showing the intractability of the problem, we focus on two widely-known feasibility tests for RMS (namely, the Liu-Layland bound and Time Demand Analysis) and propose a number of heuristics based on the priority-monotonic speed assignment. The heuristics are evaluated through extensive simulations.

[1]  P. Hazucha,et al.  Impact of CMOS technology scaling on the atmospheric neutron soft error rate , 2000 .

[2]  Giuseppe Lipari,et al.  Speed modulation in energy-aware real-time systems , 2005, 17th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS'05).

[3]  Eric Rotenberg,et al.  FAST: Frequency-aware static timing analysis , 2006, TECS.

[4]  Dakai Zhu,et al.  Reliability-Aware Dynamic Energy Management in Dependable Embedded Real-Time Systems , 2006, 12th IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS'06).

[5]  Thomas D. Burd,et al.  Energy efficient CMOS microprocessor design , 1995, Proceedings of the Twenty-Eighth Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.

[6]  Sanjay J. Patel,et al.  Characterizing the effects of transient faults on a high-performance processor pipeline , 2004, International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks, 2004.

[7]  Ragunathan Rajkumar,et al.  Practical voltage-scaling for fixed-priority RT-systems , 2003, The 9th IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium, 2003. Proceedings..

[8]  Kang G. Shin,et al.  Real-time dynamic voltage scaling for low-power embedded operating systems , 2001, SOSP.

[9]  Scott Shenker,et al.  Scheduling for reduced CPU energy , 1994, OSDI '94.

[10]  John P. Lehoczky,et al.  The rate monotonic scheduling algorithm: exact characterization and average case behavior , 1989, [1989] Proceedings. Real-Time Systems Symposium.

[11]  R. Hokinson,et al.  Historical trend in alpha-particle induced soft error rates of the Alpha/sup TM/ microprocessor , 2001, 2001 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium Proceedings. 39th Annual (Cat. No.00CH37167).

[12]  Dakai Zhu,et al.  Reliability-Aware Energy Management for Periodic Real-Time Tasks , 2007, 13th IEEE Real Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS'07).

[13]  Ravishankar K. Iyer,et al.  Measurement and modeling of computer reliability as affected by system activity , 1986, TOCS.

[14]  Naehyuck Chang,et al.  Memory-aware energy-optimal frequency assignment for dynamic supply voltage scaling , 2004, Proceedings of the 2004 International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design (IEEE Cat. No.04TH8758).

[15]  Rami G. Melhem,et al.  The effects of energy management on reliability in real-time embedded systems , 2004, IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer Aided Design, 2004. ICCAD-2004..

[16]  Dhiraj K. Pradhan,et al.  Fault-tolerant computing : theory and techniques , 1986 .

[17]  Dakai Zhu,et al.  Energy Management for Real-Time Embedded Systems with Reliability Requirements , 2006, 2006 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer Aided Design.

[18]  Rajesh K. Gupta,et al.  Leakage aware dynamic voltage scaling for real-time embedded systems , 2004, Proceedings. 41st Design Automation Conference, 2004..

[19]  James W. Layland,et al.  Scheduling Algorithms for Multiprogramming in a Hard-Real-Time Environment , 1989, JACM.

[20]  Krishnendu Chakrabarty,et al.  Energy-Aware Fault Tolerance in Fixed-Priority Real-Time Embedded Systems , 2003, ICCAD 2003.

[21]  Dakai Zhu,et al.  System-Level Energy Management for Periodic Real-Time Tasks , 2006, 2006 27th IEEE International Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS'06).