‘I do not need a flu shot because I lead a healthy lifestyle’: Compensatory health beliefs make vaccination less likely

Compensatory health beliefs, a self-defence strategy, were examined in a theory-guided intervention promoting influenza vaccination at the workplace. In total, 851 employees were randomised to one group aimed at enhancing intention formation (standard group) or to another one assisting self-regulation (intervention group). Assessments took place after the intervention and 5 months later, investigating whether the intervention would interfere with compensatory health beliefs. The intervention generated an indirect effect via planning on vaccination. Compensatory health beliefs mediated between intention and behaviour. An interaction between intervention group and compensatory health beliefs on behaviour transpired. At low compensatory health belief levels, the intervention group resulted in more vaccinations than the standard group.

[1]  K. Flegel.  Influenza vaccination of health care workers , 2013, Canadian Medical Association Journal.

[2]  U. Scholz,et al.  Smoking is ok as long as I eat healthily: Compensatory Health Beliefs and their role for intentions and smoking within the Health Action Process Approach , 2012, Psychology & health.

[3]  R. Schwarzer,et al.  A combined planning and self-efficacy intervention to promote physical activity: A multiple mediation analysis , 2012, Psychology, Health & Medicine.

[4]  S. Michie,et al.  Factors associated with uptake of vaccination against pandemic influenza: a systematic review. , 2011, Vaccine.

[5]  B. Knäuper,et al.  Smoking-specific compensatory health beliefs and the readiness to stop smoking in adolescents. , 2011, British journal of health psychology.

[6]  B. Schüz,et al.  Sources of Perceived Self-Efficacy as Predictors of Physical Activity in Older Adults , 2011 .

[7]  Katherine L. Milkman,et al.  Using implementation intentions prompts to enhance influenza vaccination rates , 2011, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[8]  Ralf Schwarzer,et al.  Self-efficacy as a moderator of the planning–behaviour relationship in interventions designed to promote physical activity , 2011, Psychology & health.

[9]  J. Sales,et al.  Seasonal and 2009 H1N1 influenza vaccine uptake, predictors of vaccination, and self-reported barriers to vaccination among secondary school teachers and staff , 2011, Human vaccines.

[10]  S. Michie,et al.  Demographic and attitudinal determinants of protective behaviours during a pandemic: A review , 2010, British journal of health psychology.

[11]  R. Schwarzer,et al.  Differential effects of planning and self-efficacy on fruit and vegetable consumption , 2010, Appetite.

[12]  B. Knäuper,et al.  Temptations elicit compensatory intentions , 2010, Appetite.

[13]  Ralf Schwarzer,et al.  Modelando el cambio en el comportamiento de salud: Cómo predecir y modificar la adopción y el mantenimiento de comportamientos de salud/Modeling Health Behavior Change: How to Predict and Modify the Adoption and Maintenance of Health Behaviors , 2009 .

[14]  C. Polychronakos,et al.  Compensatory beliefs about glucose testing are associated with low adherence to treatment and poor metabolic control in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. , 2009, Health education research.

[15]  P. van Assema,et al.  The compensatory health beliefs scale: psychometric properties of a cross-culturally adapted scale for use in The Netherlands. , 2009, Health education research.

[16]  Ralf Schwarzer,et al.  Self-efficacy moderates the mediation of intentions into behavior via plans. , 2009, American journal of health behavior.

[17]  David P. MacKinnon,et al.  Current Directions in Mediation Analysis , 2009, Current directions in psychological science.

[18]  M. Tremblay,et al.  A comparison of direct versus self-report measures for assessing physical activity in adults: a systematic review , 2008, The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity.

[19]  Jochen P. Ziegelmann,et al.  Theory‐Based Health Behavior Change: Developing, Testing, and Applying Theories for Evidence‐Based Interventions , 2008 .

[20]  M. Johnston,et al.  From Theory to Intervention: Mapping Theoretically Derived Behavioural Determinants to Behaviour Change Techniques , 2008 .

[21]  Kristopher J Preacher,et al.  Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models , 2008, Behavior research methods.

[22]  Howard Leventhal,et al.  Health Psychology: the Search for Pathways between Behavior and Health. , 2008, Annual review of psychology.

[23]  Kristopher J Preacher,et al.  Addressing Moderated Mediation Hypotheses: Theory, Methods, and Prescriptions , 2007, Multivariate behavioral research.

[24]  Benjamin Schüz,et al.  Adoption and maintenance of four health behaviors: Theory-guided longitudinal studies on dental flossing, seat belt use, dietary behavior, and physical activity , 2007, Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine.

[25]  Noel T Brewer,et al.  Meta-analysis of the relationship between risk perception and health behavior: the example of vaccination. , 2007, Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association.

[26]  N. Weinstein,et al.  Risk perceptions: assessment and relationship to influenza vaccination. , 2007, Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association.

[27]  B. Gilman,et al.  Impact of influenza immunization on medical expenditures among Medicare elderly, 1999-2003. , 2007, American journal of preventive medicine.

[28]  Benjamin Schüz,et al.  Stage-specific effects of an action control intervention on dental flossing. , 2006, Health education research.

[29]  T. Szucs,et al.  [Influenza vaccination in Germany. A population-based cross-sectional analysis of three seasons between 2002 and 2005]. , 2006, Medizinische Klinik.

[30]  D. Müller,et al.  Grippeimpfung in Deutschland , 2006, Medizinische Klinik.

[31]  G. Marsh,et al.  Influenza Vaccination of Healthcare Workers: a Literature Review of Attitudes and Beliefs , 2006, Infection.

[32]  B. Knäuper,et al.  The eternal quest for optimal balance between maximizing pleasure and minimizing harm: the compensatory health beliefs model. , 2006, British journal of health psychology.

[33]  R. Schwarzer,et al.  Bridging the intention–behaviour gap: Planning, self-efficacy, and action control in the adoption and maintenance of physical exercise , 2005 .

[34]  Bärbel Knäuper,et al.  Compensatory health beliefs: scale development and psychometric properties , 2004 .

[35]  Russel L. Thompson,et al.  A Meta-Analysis of Response Rates in Web- or Internet-Based Surveys , 2000 .

[36]  A. Bandura.  Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control , 1997, Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy.

[37]  I. Ajzen.  The theory of planned behavior , 1991 .

[38]  P. Bennett,et al.  Using the Health Action Process Approach and implementation intentions to increase flu vaccine uptake in high risk Thai individuals: a controlled before-after trial. , 2011, Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association.

[39]  Julie Gilchrist,et al.  "Choking game" awareness and participation among 8th graders--Oregon, 2008. , 2010, MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report.

[40]  J. Graham,et al.  Missing data analysis: making it work in the real world. , 2009, Annual review of psychology.

[41]  K. Glanz,et al.  Validity of self-reported sunscreen use by parents, children, and lifeguards. , 2009, American journal of preventive medicine.

[42]  D. Müller,et al.  Grippeimpfung in Deutschland : Eine bevölkerungsbezogene Querschnittsanalyse der drei Influenzasaisons von 2002 bis 2005 , 2006 .

[43]  Stefan Schulz,et al.  Guidelines on hand hygiene in health care. , 2006, Journal of advanced nursing.

[44]  J. Kragstrup,et al.  Decision on influenza vaccination among the elderly. A questionnaire study based on the Health Belief Model and the Multidimensional Locus of Control Theory. , 1999, Scandinavian journal of primary health care.

[45]  Rascon.  [The National Cancer Institute]. , 1953, Boletin cultural e informativo - Consejo General de Colegios Medicos de Espana.