Toward effective design and adoption of catalyst-based filter for indoor hazards: Formaldehyde abatement under realistic conditions.

Catalytic oxidation at ambient temperature has drawn wide attention as a new promising method of air cleaning, converting hazardous materials into non-hazardous ones. However, limited information is available regarding catalytic filter performance/characteristics under real operating conditions, especially on service efficiency and byproducts. Also, no practical scale-up method/evidence for filter performance evaluation is currently available to scale-up laboratory results to real application conditions. These limitations and knowledge gaps prevent building owners/designers from adopting this new promising technique in their commercial/industrial applications. The present study conducted experiments from small-scale to full-scale chamber tests which challenged a developed catalytic filter under realistic conditions. Formaldehyde was selected for approach demonstration due to its indoor ubiquitousness and criticality for human health even at low-levels. Results showed that the competition level for reaction sites in filter media had a crucial role in the performance for formaldehyde abatement, a high initial (77%; under no competing pollutants) to a typical stable level (23-32%), depending on the coexistence of other pollutants and moisture in the air, that the employment of this type of filter might generate byproducts (opposite to previous literature reports), and that small-scale column tests represented a good indication for large-scale filter performance as a practical screening method.

[1]  Zhijun Zhang,et al.  A study of the photocatalytic oxidation of formaldehyde on Pt/Fe2O3/TiO2☆ , 2000 .

[2]  P. Russo,et al.  Environmental catalysis: trends and outlook , 2002 .

[3]  K. Yan,et al.  Corona induced non-thermal plasmas: Fundamental study and industrial applications , 1998 .

[4]  Changyan Li,et al.  Effect of Supports on the Gold Catalyst Activity for Catalytic Combustion of CO and HCHO , 2005 .

[5]  Anne Johnson,et al.  Interior Landscape Plants for Indoor Air Pollution Abatement , 1989 .

[6]  Jinlong Wang,et al.  Room-Temperature Oxidation of Formaldehyde by Layered Manganese Oxide: Effect of Water. , 2015, Environmental science & technology.

[7]  Chong-fang Ma,et al.  The effect of activated carbon adsorption on the photocatalytic removal of formaldehyde , 2010 .

[8]  William J. Fisk,et al.  Quantitative room-temperature mineralization of airborne formaldehyde using manganese oxide catalysts , 2011 .

[9]  V. Ponec,et al.  The universal character of the Mars and Van Krevelen mechanism , 2000 .

[10]  R. Mcdonald,et al.  Foliage plants for removing indoor air pollutants from energy-efficient homes , 2008, Economic Botany.

[11]  K. Reijula,et al.  Emission of ozone and organic volatiles from a selection of laser printers and photocopiers. , 2000, Applied occupational and environmental hygiene.

[12]  Kwanghoon Han,et al.  A novel approach of integrating ventilation and air cleaning for sustainable and healthy office environments , 2014 .

[13]  Wenhao Chen,et al.  Performance of air cleaners for removing multiple volatile organic compounds in indoor air , 2005 .

[14]  Y. Sekine.  Oxidative decomposition of formaldehyde by metal oxides at room temperature , 2002 .

[15]  Jensen S. Zhang,et al.  Characterization and performance evaluation of a full-scale activated carbon-based dynamic botanical air filtration system for improving indoor air quality , 2011 .

[16]  Changyan Li,et al.  Creation of three-dimensionally ordered macroporous Au/CeO2 catalysts with controlled pore sizes and their enhanced catalytic performance for formaldehyde oxidation , 2009 .

[17]  N. Zhang,et al.  High surface area Au/CeO2 catalysts for low temperature formaldehyde oxidation , 2011 .

[18]  K. A. Connors.  Chemical Kinetics: The Study of Reaction Rates in Solution , 1990 .

[19]  Junhui He,et al.  Facile synthesis of porous manganese oxide K-OMS-2 materials and their catalytic activity for formaldehyde oxidation , 2011 .

[20]  A. Gervasini,et al.  Total Oxidation of Formaldehyde over MnOx-CeO2 Catalysts: The Effect of Acid Treatment , 2015 .

[21]  P. Dingle,et al.  Reducing Formaldehyde Exposure in Office Environments Using Plants , 2000, Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology.

[22]  Zhongjun Xu,et al.  Formaldehyde biofiltration as affected by spider plant. , 2010, Bioresource technology.

[23]  Xuefeng Yang,et al.  Removal of formaldehyde from gas streams via packed-bed dielectric barrier discharge plasmas , 2005 .

[24]  Je-Lueng Shie,et al.  Photodegradation kinetics of formaldehyde using light sources of UVA, UVC and UVLED in the presence of composed silver titanium oxide photocatalyst. , 2008, Journal of hazardous materials.

[25]  Meng Kong,et al.  Measurements of grease emission and heat generation rates of electric countertop appliances (RP-1631, part 1) , 2016 .

[26]  Jingjing Pei,et al.  Evaluation of filter media performance: Correlation between high and low challenge concentration tests for toluene and formaldehyde (ASHRAE RP-1557) , 2014 .

[27]  Fumihide Shiraishi,et al.  A rapid treatment of formaldehyde in a highly tight room using a photocatalytic reactor combined with a continuous adsorption and desorption apparatus , 2003 .

[28]  Huaiyong Zhu,et al.  The states of gold species in CeO2 supported gold catalyst for formaldehyde oxidation , 2008 .

[29]  Yang Xuzhuang,et al.  Ferric ions doped 5A molecular sieves for the oxidation of HCHO with low concentration in the air at moderate temperatures , 2005 .

[30]  C. Ao,et al.  Indoor air purification by photocatalyst TiO2 immobilized on an activated carbon filter installed in an air cleaner , 2005 .

[31]  Performance test results for a large coupled indoor/outdoor environmental simulator (C-I/O-ES) , 2003 .

[32]  Thomas and Michael Apte Piazza.  Indoor environmental quality and hvac survey of small and medium size commercial buildings , 2010 .

[33]  Lifeng Wang,et al.  Study of catalytic decomposition of formaldehyde on Pt/TiO2 alumite catalyst at ambient temperature. , 2009, Journal of hazardous materials.

[34]  Hong He,et al.  Catalytic performance and mechanism of a Pt/TiO2 catalyst for the oxidation of formaldehyde at room temperature , 2006 .

[35]  Vincent Platel,et al.  Biological treatment of indoor air for VOC removal: potential and challenges. , 2008, Biotechnology advances.

[36]  Huaiyong Zhu,et al.  Gold catalysts supported on the mesoporous nanoparticles composited of zirconia and silicate for oxidation of formaldehyde , 2010 .

[37]  Jianguo Wang,et al.  MnOx-CeO2 mixed oxide catalysts for complete oxidation of formaldehyde: Effect of preparation method and calcination temperature , 2006 .

[38]  A T Hodgson,et al.  Performance of ultraviolet photocatalytic oxidation for indoor air cleaning applications. , 2007, Indoor air.

[39]  B. C. Wolverton,et al.  Plants And Soil Microorganisms : Removal of Formaldehyde, Xylene, and Ammonia from the Indoor Environment , 1993 .

[40]  Hong He,et al.  Perfect catalytic oxidation of formaldehyde over a Pt/TiO2 catalyst at room temperature , 2005 .

[41]  Huaiyong Zhu,et al.  Catalytic combustion of formaldehyde on gold/iron-oxide catalysts , 2008 .

[42]  Kaixun Huang,et al.  Mn3O4 nanoplates and nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization, electrochemical and catalytic properties , 2010 .

[43]  Wenxiang Zhang,et al.  Complete oxidation of formaldehyde at ambient temperature over supported Pt/Fe2O3 catalysts prepared by colloid-deposition method. , 2011, Journal of hazardous materials.

[44]  Xuefeng Yang,et al.  Low-temperature plasma-catalytic oxidation of formaldehyde in atmospheric pressure gas streams , 2006 .

[45]  J. Lamonier,et al.  Formaldehyde total oxidation over mesoporous MnOx catalysts , 2011 .

[46]  Michael J. Kleeman,et al.  Measurement of Emissions from Air Pollution Sources. 1. C1 through C29 Organic Compounds from Meat Charbroiling , 1999 .

[47]  Shun-cheng Lee,et al.  Enhancement effect of TiO2 immobilized on activated carbon filter for the photodegradation of pollutants at typical indoor air level , 2003 .

[48]  Jingjing Pei,et al.  On the performance and mechanisms of formaldehyde removal by chemi-sorbents , 2011 .

[49]  Z. Lian,et al.  Experimental study of photocatalytic oxidation of formaldehyde and its by-products , 2006 .