EmoMadrid: An emotional pictures database for affect research

Emotional scenes are, along with facial expressions, the most employed stimuli in Affective Sciences. However, as compared to facial expressions, available emotional scene databases are scarce and, in some cases, obsolete and overused. This paper describes EmoMadrid ( http://www.psicologiauam.es/CEACO/EmoMadrid.htm ), an open access database currently consisting of 813 emotional pictures. Valence and Arousal of each of these pictures were assessed by an average sample of 146 volunteers per session, who evaluated an average of 155 pictures each. Total participants up to the present is 768. EmoMadrid includes information, not provided in other databases, on low order visual parameters such as spatial frequency, luminosity, and chromatic complexity. These parameters are of crucial interest, since they have been revealed to interact with the affective content of pictures. EmoMadrid shows a robust short and long term reliability (under and over 5 years, respectively) and has already been employed in 15 Human Neuroscience and Behavior published studies, despite it has only been described in its web page.

[1]  D. Cosmelli,et al.  Effects of a brief mindfulness-meditation intervention on neural measures of response inhibition in cigarette smokers , 2018, PloS one.

[2]  Cody Ding,et al.  The Divergent Effects of Fear and Disgust on Inhibitory Control: An ERP Study , 2015, PloS one.

[3]  C. Reynolds,et al.  Age-related differences and change in positive and negative affect over 23 years. , 2001, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[4]  J. Tanaka,et al.  The NimStim set of facial expressions: Judgments from untrained research participants , 2009, Psychiatry Research.

[5]  Lindsey A. Leigland,et al.  Age related changes in emotional memory , 2004, Neurobiology of Aging.

[6]  Jonas K. Olofsson,et al.  Affective picture processing: An integrative review of ERP findings , 2008, Biological Psychology.

[7]  Jaap Ham,et al.  Brightness differences influence the evaluation of affective pictures , 2013, Cognition & emotion.

[8]  A. Grabowska,et al.  The Nencki Affective Picture System (NAPS): Introduction to a novel, standardized, wide-range, high-quality, realistic picture database , 2013, Behavior research methods.

[9]  P. V. van Wieringen,et al.  Vigilance performance and skin conductance. , 1970, Acta psychologica.

[10]  Dean Sabatinelli,et al.  Emotional scenes elicit more pronounced self-reported emotional experience and greater EPN and LPP modulation when compared to emotional faces , 2014, Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience.

[11]  Heather L. Urry,et al.  Emotion Regulation in Older Age , 2010 .

[12]  A. Capilla,et al.  The influence of affective state on exogenous attention to emotional distractors: behavioral and electrophysiological correlates , 2017, Scientific Reports.

[13]  M. Bradley,et al.  Emotion and motivation II: sex differences in picture processing. , 2001, Emotion.

[14]  J. Haxby,et al.  Distributed Neural Systems for Face Perception , 2011 .

[15]  Cody Ding,et al.  Dissociable effects of fear and disgust in proactive and reactive inhibition , 2016 .

[16]  E. Ruiz-Padial,et al.  Decomposing unpleasantness: Differential exogenous attention to disgusting and fearful stimuli , 2011, Biological Psychology.

[17]  J. Thayer,et al.  Individual Differences in Attentional Capture by Pictures of Fear and Disgust as Indexed by Cardiac Responses , 2018, Journal of Psychophysiology.

[18]  M. Bradley,et al.  Brain potentials in perception: picture complexity and emotional arousal. , 2007, Psychophysiology.

[19]  Qingyang Li,et al.  Emotional perception: Meta-analyses of face and natural scene processing , 2011, NeuroImage.

[20]  J. M. Serrano,et al.  Adaptive working memory training reveals a negligible effect of emotional stimuli over cognitive processing , 2015 .

[21]  R. Downey,et al.  Rating the ratings: Assessing the psychometric quality of rating data , 1980 .

[22]  P. Lang.  International affective picture system (IAPS) : affective ratings of pictures and instruction manual , 2005 .

[23]  Susan B Perlman,et al.  Developing connections for affective regulation: age-related changes in emotional brain connectivity. , 2011, Journal of experimental child psychology.

[24]  J. Russell.  Affective space is bipolar. , 1979 .

[25]  Benedek Kurdi,et al.  Introducing the Open Affective Standardized Image Set (OASIS) , 2017, Behavior research methods.

[26]  D. Bezmaternykh,et al.  fMRI Responses in Healthy Individuals and in Patients with Mild Depression to Presentation of Pleasant and Unpleasant Images , 2018, Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine.

[27]  E. Sánchez-Morla,et al.  Influence of emotional contexts on facial emotion attribution in schizophrenia , 2018, Psychiatry Research.

[28]  Cornelia Herbert,et al.  Emotional facial expressions evoke faster orienting responses, but weaker emotional responses at neural and behavioural levels compared to scenes: A simultaneous EEG and facial EMG study , 2016, NeuroImage.

[29]  A. Marchewka,et al.  The Set of Fear Inducing Pictures (SFIP): Development and validation in fearful and nonfearful individuals , 2016, Behavior Research Methods.

[30]  Sam J. Maglio,et al.  Emotional category data on images from the international affective picture system , 2005, Behavior research methods.

[31]  Andreas Keil,et al.  Time course of competition for visual processing resources between emotional pictures and foreground task. , 2008, Cerebral cortex.

[32]  K. Scherer,et al.  The Geneva affective picture database (GAPED): a new 730-picture database focusing on valence and normative significance , 2011, Behavior research methods.

[33]  Montserrat Comesaña,et al.  Adaptation of the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) for European Portuguese , 2015, Behavior research methods.

[34]  A. Barke,et al.  The DIsgust-RelaTed-Images (DIRTI) database: Validation of a novel standardized set of disgust pictures. , 2017, Behaviour research and therapy.

[35]  K. Scherer,et al.  Spatial frequencies or emotional effects? A systematic measure of spatial frequencies for IAPS pictures by a discrete wavelet analysis , 2007, Journal of Neuroscience Methods.

[36]  L. Carretié,et al.  Emotional response inhibition in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: neural and behavioural data , 2015, Psychological Medicine.

[37]  Manfred Herrmann,et al.  Time course of implicit processing and explicit processing of emotional faces and emotional words , 2011, Biological Psychology.

[38]  M. Bradley,et al.  Measuring emotion: Behavior, feeling, and physiology , 2000 .

[39]  Maurizio Codispoti,et al.  Unmasking emotion: exposure duration and emotional engagement. , 2009, Psychophysiology.

[40]  P. Ekman.  An argument for basic emotions , 1992 .

[41]  Natalie C. Ebner,et al.  FACES—A database of facial expressions in young, middle-aged, and older women and men: Development and validation , 2010, Behavior research methods.

[42]  Sang Hoon Han,et al.  Differences in Large-scale and Sliding-window-based Functional Networks of Reappraisal and Suppression , 2018, Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility.

[43]  J. Martínez-Selva,et al.  Social stimuli increase physiological reactivity but not defensive responses. , 2016, Scandinavian journal of psychology.

[44]  Cody Ding,et al.  The divergent effects of fear and disgust on unconscious inhibitory control , 2016, Cognition & emotion.

[45]  A. Capilla,et al.  Exogenous attention to facial vs non-facial emotional visual stimuli. , 2013, Social cognitive and affective neuroscience.

[46]  K. M. Anil Kumar,et al.  A Multimodal Approach To Detect User's Emotion☆ , 2015 .