ALABAMO : A LoAd BAlancing MOdel for RPL

Most of the nodes that compose the Internet of Things (IoT) are battery-operated, which makes energy efficiency a critical goal. However, more important than simply saving energy is consuming energy uniformly among the nodes. Imbalanced energy consumption may disrupt the network (energy hole problem). We present a solution that solves the network load balance problem; it is based on the RPL protocol, making it suitable for dynamic environments and compliant with standard network stack for IoT devices. The proposal was implemented in ContikiOS and tested in a real 41-node testbed using TelosB motes. Network lifetime had a 2-fold increase compared to the default RPL implementation. We also reduced the standard deviation of consumption by 50.64%, which indicates that nodes spend energy homogeneously, thus extending the lifetime of most of the nodes.

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