Power Quality Indicators in Electric Railway Systems: A Comprehensive Classification

Electric railway systems (ERSs) have been challenged with power quality (PQ) problems since they were operated. Over the years, numerous researches have been presented investigating various aspects of PQs related to the different developmental structures of railway power supply systems (RPSS). However, this diversity and progress have led to face with a significant variety of two-way interactive interfaces as well as reliability and PQ issues. The essential purpose of this paper is to classify and explain these distortions and PQ indices in the field of operating RPSS. It can provide a perfect perspective on the status of PQ issues of ERS to researchers and engineers.