Possible Constraints of Visualization in Biology: Challenges in Learning with Multiple Representations

To demonstrate the various constraints related to visual representations in biology learning and instruction, this chapter discusses the outcomes of four empirical studies carried out in Israel on the uses of static visualization in biology as well as data from classroom observations of Israeli elementary and junior high school biology students and teachers and from textbooks. I review the challenges involved in using illustrative or decorative representations, models, representations of processes, referents of different size and temporal scales, representations on the classroom board, and the danger of erroneously transferring knowledge about representations to visualizations with supposedly similar features. The chapter may promote teachers’ and policy makers’ critical awareness of visual representations, which if not appropriately designed and implemented will create student difficulties and misconceptions. It should also contribute toward the development of relevant learning materials and the resolution of some of these teaching challenges.