Abstract Formation process of graphite oxide has been investigated by using a modified Staudenmaier method and an electrochemical one. The modified Staudenmaier method revealed that graphite oxide is formed via stage 1 graphite bi-intercalation compounds of HNO 3 and H 2 SO 4 . On the other hand, the electrochemical method showed that graphite oxide is synthesized via stage 1 HClO 4 graphite intercalation compound (GIC) in 11.6 M HClO 4 solution and via stage 2 HClO 4 GIC in 9.2 M HClO 4 solution. Structure of graphite oxide was studied by fluorination of graphite oxide at 50–200°C. The main fluorination reaction is the substitution of hydroxyl group by fluorine atom. The c-axis repeat distances (I c ) of fluorinated graphite oxides, prepared by both the Brodie and the modified Staudenmaier methods, were around 0.9 nm, which is close to that of stage 2 type poly(dicarbon monofluoride), ( C 2 F ) n The in-plane lattice parameter a 0 of graphite oxide increased toward that of ( C 2 F ) n by fluorination (0.251 nm), and decreased toward that of graphite itself by dehydration (0.246 nm). These results strongly support the ( C 2 F ) n -type structure model of graphite oxide.
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