Electrochemical sensor for simultaneous determination of uric acid, xanthine and hypoxanthine based on poly (bromocresol purple) modified glassy carbon electrode

Abstract A novel electrochemical sensor based on electroactive-polymerized film of bromocresol purple (BCP) modified on glassy carbon electrode for simultaneous determination of uric acid (UA), xanthine (XA) and hypoxanthine (HX) was presented. The preparation and basic electrochemical performance of poly (BCP) film modified glassy carbon electrode were investigated firstly in details. The electrochemical behaviors of UA, XA and HX at the modified electrode were studied by cyclic voltammetry. The results showed that this new electrochemical sensor exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of the three analytes. The anodic peaks of the three species were well defined with lowered oxidation potential and enhanced oxidation peak currents, so the poly (BCP) modified electrode was used for simultaneous voltammetric measurement of UA, XA and HX by differential pulse voltammetry. Under the optimum conditions, the calibration curves for UA, XA and HX were obtained over the range of 0.5–120, 0.1–100 and 0.2–80 μmol L−1, respectively. The detection limits for UA, XA and HX were 0.2, 0.06 and 0.12 μmol L−1, respectively. With good selectivity and sensitivity, the proposed method has been applied to simultaneous determination of UA, XA and HX in human serum with satisfactory results.

[1]  Allen J. Bard,et al.  Electrochemical Methods: Fundamentals and Applications , 1980 .

[2]  M. Sharp,et al.  Preliminary determinations of electron transfer kinetics involving ferrocene covalently attached to a platinum surface , 1979 .

[3]  Xinhua Lin,et al.  Electrochemical characterization of poly(eriochrome black T) modified glassy carbon electrode and its application to simultaneous determination of dopamine, ascorbic acid and uric acid , 2007 .

[4]  Jean W. Lee,et al.  Quantification of uric acid, xanthine and hypoxanthine in human serum by HPLC for pharmacodynamic studies. , 2006, Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences.

[5]  Y. Moriwaki,et al.  Determination of human plasma xanthine oxidase activity by high-performance liquid chromatography. , 1996, Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical applications.

[6]  Xiaohua Cai,et al.  Simultaneous determination of uric acid, xanthine and hypoxanthine with an electrochemically pretreated carbon paste electrode , 1994 .

[7]  S. Timur,et al.  Examination of performance of glassy carbon paste electrode modified with gold nanoparticle and xanthine oxidase for xanthine and hypoxanthine detection. , 2007, Talanta.

[8]  J. Kowalczyk,et al.  Quantification of allantoin, uric acid, xanthine and hypoxanthine in ovine urine by high-performance liquid chromatography and photodiode array detection. , 2000, Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical sciences and applications.

[9]  Zhenhui Wang,et al.  An inlaying ultra-thin carbon paste electrode modified with functional single-wall carbon nanotubes for simultaneous determination of three purine derivatives , 2008 .

[10]  G. Volpe,et al.  Amperometric detection of uric acid and hypoxanthine with Xanthine oxidase immobilized and carbon based screen-printed electrode. Application for fish freshness determination. , 1997, Talanta.

[11]  Yan Wang,et al.  A novel poly(taurine) modified glassy carbon electrode for the simultaneous determination of epinephrine and dopamine. , 2009, Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces.

[12]  C. Setacci,et al.  Comparative determination of purine compounds in carotid plaque by capillary zone electrophoresis and high-performance liquid chromatography. , 1999, Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical sciences and applications.

[13]  A. Nègre-Salvayre,et al.  Simultaneous determination of allantoin, hypoxanthine, xanthine, and uric acid in serum/plasma by CE , 2007, Electrophoresis.

[14]  Jyh-Myng Zen,et al.  Multianalyte sensor for the simultaneous determination of hypoxanthine, xanthine and uric acid based on a preanodized nontronite-coated screen-printed electrode , 2002 .

[15]  E. Laviron,et al.  General expression of the linear potential sweep voltammogram for a surface redox reaction with interactions between the adsorbed molecules , 1980 .

[16]  L. Terzuoli,et al.  Determination and Separation of Allantoin, Uric Acid, Hypoxanthine, and Xanthine by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis , 1998 .

[17]  Annamalai Senthil Kumar,et al.  Ru(DMSO)4Cl2 nano-aggregated Nafion membrane modified electrode for simultaneous electrochemical detection of hypoxanthine, xanthine and uric acid , 2010 .

[18]  S. A. John,et al.  Simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid, dopamine, uric acid and xanthine using a nanostructured polymer film modified electrode. , 2010, Talanta.

[19]  Richard J. Johnson,et al.  Role of uric acid in hypertension, renal disease, and metabolic syndrome. , 2005, Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine.

[20]  D. Metzler,et al.  Biochemistry: The Chemical Reactions of Living Cells , 1977 .

[21]  Alan P. Brown,et al.  Cyclic and differential pulse voltammetric behavior of reactants confined to the electrode surface , 1977 .

[22]  Yan Wang,et al.  A novel poly(cyanocobalamin) modified glassy carbon electrode as electrochemical sensor for voltammetric determination of peroxynitrite. , 2010, Talanta.

[23]  Yoichi Taniguchi,et al.  Anodic Voltammetry and Its Analytical Application to the Detection and Simultaneous Determination of Hypoxanthine, Xanthine, and Uric Acid , 1978 .