Near Net-Shape Forming in Sheet-Metal Forming and Forging

Rising pressure towards more and more economical methods of manufacture leads in some areas to the substitution of traditional methods by metal-forming technologies. Their application however is not only limited to the manufacture of wrought products as they can already be applied at the first manufacture stage for which continuous casting and rolling as well as cast forging are examples. Recent developments in the Classical fields of metal-forming techniques, like sheet metal forming, cold and hot forming are manily concerned with process development for precision forming as well as systems for process control and regulation, to aim constant high quality.