Morphology of the release site of inhibitory synapses on the soma and dendrite of an identified neuron

Synapse are complex arrangements of pre‐and postsynaptic differentiations involved in neural communication. A key element in this synaptic transmission is the presynaptic active zone where the release of neurotransmitter occurs. Active zones can be visualized and analyzed after staining with ethanolic phosphotungstic acid (EPTA) on semithin (0.5μm) sections. This staining has been used in association with postembedding immunogold labeling for the neurotransmitters glycine or GABA, to investigate the organization of chemically defined inhibitory active zones, viewed in their full extent, on different regions of the goldfish Mauthner (M−) cell.

[1]  H. Korn,et al.  Colocalization of somatostatin with GABA or glutamate in distinct afferent terminals presynaptic to the Mauthner cell , 1994, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[2]  T. Finger,et al.  GABAergic innervation of the Mauthner cell and other reticulospinal neurons in the goldfish , 1993, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[3]  N. Tamamaki,et al.  Hippocampal pyramidal cells excite inhibitory neurons through a single release site , 1993, Nature.

[4]  H. Korn,et al.  Heterogeneous distribution of glycinergic and GABAergic afferents on an identified central neuron , 1993, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[5]  L. Mendell,et al.  Quantitative ultrastructure of Ia boutons in the ventral horn: scaling and positional relationships , 1993, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[6]  Christian Rosenmund,et al.  Nonuniform probability of glutamate release at a hippocampal synapse. , 1993, Science.

[7]  D. Faber,et al.  Synaptic noise and multiquantal release at dendritic synapses. , 1993, Journal of neurophysiology.

[8]  P. Katz,et al.  Facilitation and depression at different branches of the same motor axon: evidence for presynaptic differences in release , 1993, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[9]  Kristen M. Harris,et al.  Quantal analysis and synaptic anatomy — integrating two views of hippocampal plasticity , 1993, Trends in Neurosciences.

[10]  A. Triller,et al.  Confocal Microscopy and Three-Dimensional Image Analysis Methods for Recognition and Fluorometric Measurements: An Application to Inhibitory Glycine Receptor. , 1993 .

[11]  F Benfenati,et al.  Synaptic vesicle phosphoproteins and regulation of synaptic function. , 1993, Science.

[12]  R. Scheller,et al.  Syntaxin: a synaptic protein implicated in docking of synaptic vesicles at presynaptic active zones. , 1992, Science.

[13]  R Llinás,et al.  Microdomains of high calcium concentration in a presynaptic terminal. , 1992, Science.

[14]  H. Korn,et al.  Differential distribution of GABA- and serotonin-containing afferents on an identified central neuron , 1991, Brain Research.

[15]  E. Peterson,et al.  Active zone organization and vesicle content scale with bouton size at a vertebrate central synapse , 1991, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[16]  Thomas C. Südhof,et al.  Proteins of synaptic vesicles involved in exocytosis and membrane recycling , 1991, Neuron.

[17]  M. Frotscher Target cell specificity of synaptic connections in the hippocampus , 1991, Hippocampus.

[18]  H. Korn,et al.  Size and shape of glycine receptor clusters in a central neuron exhibit a somato-dendritic gradient. , 1990, The New biologist.

[19]  KM Harris,et al.  Dendritic spines of CA 1 pyramidal cells in the rat hippocampus: serial electron microscopy with reference to their biophysical characteristics , 1989, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[20]  P. Sargent,et al.  Bouton ultrastructure and synaptic growth in a frog autonomic ganglion , 1989, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[21]  N. Hirokawa,et al.  The cytoskeletal architecture of the presynaptic terminal and molecular structure of synapsin 1 , 1989, The Journal of cell biology.

[22]  K. Harris,et al.  Dendritic spines of rat cerebellar Purkinje cells: serial electron microscopy with reference to their biophysical characteristics , 1988, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[23]  H. Korn,et al.  Distribution of glycine receptors on the membrane of a central neuron: an immunoelectron microscopy study , 1988, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[24]  B. Walmsley,et al.  Nonuniform release probabilities underlie quantal synaptic transmission at a mammalian excitatory central synapse. , 1988, Journal of neurophysiology.

[25]  T. Reese,et al.  The organization of cytoplasm at the presynaptic active zone of a central nervous system synapse , 1988, Neuron.

[26]  D. Faber,et al.  Synaptic transmission mediated by single club endings on the goldfish Mauthner cell. II. Plasticity of excitatory postsynaptic potentials , 1988, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[27]  R. Tuttle,et al.  Small vesicle bouton synapses on the distal half of the lateral dendrite of the goldfish mauthner cell: Freeze‐fracture and thin section study , 1987, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[28]  JW Propst,et al.  Correlations between active zone ultrastructure and synaptic function studied with freeze-fracture of physiologically identified neuromuscular junctions , 1987, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[29]  W B Levy,et al.  Changes in the postsynaptic density with long‐term potentiation in the dentate gyrus , 1986, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[30]  W. Levy,et al.  Changes in the numerical density of synaptic contacts with long‐term potentiation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus , 1986, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[31]  G. Székely,et al.  Distal dendrites of frog motor neurons: a computer-aided electron microscopic study of cobalt-filled cells , 1986, Journal of neurocytology.

[32]  R. Tuttle,et al.  Freeze‐fracture study of the large myelinated club ending synapse on the goldfish Mauthner cell: Special reference to the quantitative analysis of gap junctions , 1986, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[33]  A. Grinnell,et al.  Ultrastructural correlates of experimentally altered transmitter release efficacy in frog motor nerve terminals , 1985, Neuroscience.

[34]  B. Walmsley,et al.  The ultrastructural basis for synaptic transmission between primary muscle afferents and neurons in Clarke's column of the cat , 1985, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[35]  A D Grinnell,et al.  The regulation of synaptic strength within motor units of the frog cutaneous pectoris muscle , 1985, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[36]  G. Vrensen,et al.  Variations in presynaptic grid size in the granular and molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex of the cat I. A quantitative ultrastructural study on semithin E-PTA sections , 1984, Brain Research.

[37]  S J Redman,et al.  The synaptic current evoked in cat spinal motoneurones by impulses in single group 1a axons. , 1983, The Journal of physiology.

[38]  P. Nelson,et al.  Synaptic interactions between mammalian central neurons in cell culture. III. Morphophysiological correlates of quantal synaptic transmission. , 1983, Journal of neurophysiology.

[39]  H Korn,et al.  Transmission at a central inhibitory synapse. II. Quantal description of release, with a physical correlate for binomial n. , 1982, Journal of neurophysiology.

[40]  N. Lavidis,et al.  Variation in quantal secretion at different release sites along developing and mature motor terminal branches. , 1982, Brain research.

[41]  H. Korn,et al.  Transmission at a central inhibitory synapse. III. Ultrastructure of physiologically identified and stained terminals. , 1982, Journal of neurophysiology.

[42]  D. Faber,et al.  Transmission at a central inhibitory synapse. I. Magnitude of unitary postsynaptic conductance change and kinetics of channel activation. , 1982, Journal of neurophysiology.

[43]  A. Grinnell,et al.  Specificity and plasticity of neuromuscular connections: Long-term regulation of motoneuron function , 1981, Progress in Neurobiology.

[44]  H. Korn,et al.  Morphologically distinct classes of inhibitory synapses arise from the same neurons: Ultrastructural identification from crossed vestibular interneurons intracellularly stained with HRP , 1981, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[45]  C. H. Bailey,et al.  Active zone at Aplysia synapses: organization of presynaptic dense projections. , 1981, Journal of neurophysiology.

[46]  D. Faber,et al.  An identifiable class of statoacoustic interneurons with bilateral projections in the goldfish medulla , 1980, Neuroscience.

[47]  G. Vrensen,et al.  The presynaptic grid: A new approach , 1980, Brain Research.

[48]  A. Mallart,et al.  Dual innervation of end‐plate sites and its consequences for neuromuscular transmission in muscles of adult Xenopus laevis. , 1979, The Journal of physiology.

[49]  D. Faber,et al.  Structural correlates of recurrent collateral interneurons producing both electrical and chemical inhibitions of the Mauthner cell , 1978, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences.

[50]  D. Doyle The Fine Structure of the Nervous System: The Neurons and Supporting Cells , 1978 .

[51]  D. Harriman CEREBELLAR CORTEX, CYTOLOGY AND ORGANIZATION , 1974 .

[52]  Y. Nakajima Fine structure of the synaptic endings on the Mauthner cell of the goldfish , 1974, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[53]  T. Bliss,et al.  Long‐lasting potentiation of synaptic transmission in the dentate area of the anaesthetized rabbit following stimulation of the perforant path , 1973, The Journal of physiology.

[54]  K. Akert Dynamic aspects of synaptic ultrastructure: The Schloss Hardenberg lecture presented at the 4th annual meeting of the European brain and behavior society, Göttingen, 14 September 1972 , 1973 .

[55]  V. Tennyson The Fine Structure of the Nervous System. , 1970 .

[56]  F E Bloom,et al.  Fine structural and cytochemical analysis of the staining of synaptic junctions with phosphotungstic acid. , 1968, Journal of ultrastructure research.

[57]  Y. Fukami,et al.  EFFECTS OF STRYCHNINE AND PROCAINE ON COLLATERAL INHIBITION OF THE MAUTHNER CELL OF GOLDFISH. , 1964, The Japanese journal of physiology.

[58]  D. Faber,et al.  The one-vesicle hypothesis and multivesicular release. , 1994, Advances in second messenger and phosphoprotein research.

[59]  L. Stjärne Molecular and cellular mechanisms of neurotransmitter release , 1994 .

[60]  R. Kraftsik,et al.  Synapses on motoneuron dendrites in the brachial section of the frog spinal cord: a computer-aided electron microscopic study of cobalt-filled cells , 1992, Journal of neurocytology.

[61]  M Linial,et al.  Cellular and molecular biology of the presynaptic nerve terminal. , 1991, Annual review of neuroscience.

[62]  Prof. Dr. Sanford L. Palay,et al.  Cerebellar Cortex , 1974, Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

[63]  T. Furukawa Synaptic interaction at the mauthner cell of goldfish. , 1966, Progress in brain research.