Experimental investigation on constitutive behavior of PVB under impact loading

Abstract During automotive related accidents, PVB plays an important role in both pedestrian and passenger protection as an interlayer of automotive windshield. In this paper, dynamic constitutive behavior of PVB material is thoroughly studied. Firstly, a set of dynamic compression impact experiments on PVB specimens using SHPB (Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar) method are conducted at strain rates from 700/s to 4500/s. Details of the constitutive response is analyzed based on the validation of experiment data. Stress-strain curve of PVB is then divided into two parts, i.e., “Compaction Stage” and “Hardening Stage”. Dislocations and entanglements among molecules are major reasons for the two-stage phenomena. Constitutive behaviors are different in low and high speed impacts, leading to three times more energy absorption ability of PVB in high speed impact scenario. Further, data fitting models based on both Mooney–Rivlin and Ogden Model are studied and then compared. Mooney–Rivlin Model is found to be more appropriate to describe PVB material. Moreover, PVB is proved to be a rate-dependent material with the failure strength intensify factor β ≈ 4. PVB material shows little viscoelasticity after comparison of the both models with and without the viscoelasticity part. Results offer critical experimental data, constitutive models and analysis of PVB material to further study of automotive crashworthiness and pedestrian/passenger protection.

[1]  Anand Jagota,et al.  Analysis of Glass/Polyvinyl Butyral Laminates Subjected to Uniform Pressure , 1999 .

[2]  R. Rivlin Large elastic deformations of isotropic materials IV. further developments of the general theory , 1948, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences.

[3]  Y. C. Das,et al.  Analysis of Laminated Glass Units , 1993 .

[4]  Han Zhao,et al.  Material behaviour characterisation using SHPB techniques, tests and simulations , 2003 .

[5]  B. Pang,et al.  Experimental and Numerical Studies of Laminated Glass Subject to Hypervelocity Impact , 2005 .

[6]  D. Koss,et al.  Damage development in carbon/epoxy laminates under quasi-static and dynamic loading , 1999 .

[7]  Stephen M. Walley,et al.  Review of experimental techniques for high rate deformation and shock studies , 2004 .

[8]  K. Urayama,et al.  Multiaxial deformations of end-linked poly(dimethylsiloxane) networks. 4. Further assessment of the slip-link model for chain-entanglement effect on rubber elasticity , 2003 .

[9]  P. Osterrieder,et al.  A finite element model for impact simulation with laminated glass , 2007 .

[10]  Roger Brown,et al.  Physical Testing of Rubber , 1987 .

[11]  Heh Han Meijer,et al.  Mechanical performance of polymer systems: The relation between structure and properties , 2005 .

[12]  Joseph E. Minor,et al.  Stresses in Layered Glass Units and Monolithic Glass Plates , 1987 .

[13]  Saeed David Barbat,et al.  Crack initiation in laminated automotive glazing subjected to simulated head impact , 2005 .

[14]  Yun Li,et al.  Crack analysis in PVB laminated windshield impacted by pedestrian head in traffic accident , 2009 .

[15]  Guangquan Lu,et al.  Reconstruction model of vehicle impact speed in pedestrian–vehicle accident , 2009 .

[16]  Li Chai,et al.  Dynamic response of laminated automotive glazing impacted by spherical featureless headform , 2006 .

[17]  Lili Wang,et al.  A new method for studying the dynamic response and damage evolution of polymers at high strain rates , 2006 .

[18]  M. Mooney A Theory of Large Elastic Deformation , 1940 .

[19]  Jue Zhu,et al.  An analysis of stress uniformity for concrete-like specimens during SHPB tests , 2009 .

[20]  R. Rivlin Large Elastic Deformations of Isotropic Materials , 1997 .

[21]  Dietmar Otte SEVERITY AND MECHANISM OF HEAD IMPACTS IN CAR TO PEDESTRIAN ACCIDENTS , 1999 .

[22]  R. Ogden Large deformation isotropic elasticity – on the correlation of theory and experiment for incompressible rubberlike solids , 1972, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences.

[23]  Saeed David Barbat,et al.  Analysis of damage in laminated automotive glazing subjected to simulated head impact , 2006 .

[24]  Jun Xu,et al.  Study of damage in windshield glazing subject to impact by a pedestrian's head , 2009 .

[25]  Yihe Zhang,et al.  Dynamic mechanical properties of whisker/PA66 composites at high strain rates , 2005 .

[26]  S. Kolling,et al.  Modelling of safety glass for crash simulation , 2003 .

[27]  Han Zhao,et al.  Testing of polymeric foams at high and medium strain rates , 1997 .

[28]  Mehmet Zülfü Aşık,et al.  Laminated glass plates: revealing of nonlinear behavior , 2003 .

[29]  M. Klüppel,et al.  A generalized tube model of rubber elasticity and stress softening of filler reinforced elastomer systems , 2000 .

[30]  Mehmet Zülfü Aşık,et al.  A mathematical model for the behavior of laminated glass beams , 2005 .