Consistent wall boundary treatment for laminar and turbulent flows in SPH

A consistent wall boundary treatment for SPH has been developed by Ferrand et al. (2010) based on a renormalizing factor for writing boundar y pressure forces. This factor depends on the local shape of a wall and on the position of a particle r e ative to the wall, which is described by segments (i 2-D), instead of the cumbersome fictitious or ghost particles used previously. By solving a dynamic equation for the renormalizing factor, the authors have significantly improved traditional wall pressu re treatment in SPH. The present paper aims to extend this method to wal l friction and turbulent variables’ boundary conditions, on the basis of the standard k–ε model. By using Gauss’ theorem in a continuous SPH form of the fluid equations, all diffusive terms ar e re-written with boundary contributions. The latte r are then discretized using particles (for the fluid ) and segments (for the wall), leading to correctio ns for the strain rate and flux conditions of the kine t c energy. This method yields consistent Von Neumann wall conditions for momentum, turbulent kin etic energy and energy dissipation. Two validations are presented: (i) a steady laminar or turbulent flow in a closed channel, where for a Reynolds number of Re = 2×10 6 the logarithmic region close to the wall is well r ep oduced in comparison with reference solutions, and (ii) a tur bulent steady flow in a periodic fish-pass, with comparison to a validated commercial Finite-Volume code (Figure below), which gives very satisfactory results. Figure 1 – Validation of consistent wall boundary condition i n SPH: periodic turbulent flow in a fish pass. Comparison of SPH (left) to Finite Volum es (right). Distribution of the modulus of Reynolds-averaged velocity (top) and turbulent kine tic nergy (right). Reference: M. Ferrand, D. Laurence, B. Rogers, D. Violeau (201 0), Improved time scheme integration approach for dealing with semi-analytical wall boundary conditions in Spartacus-2D, Proc. 5 SPHERIC International workshop, Manchester (UK), 22-25 June 2010.