Towards highly efficient and highly transparent OLEDs: advanced considerations for emission zone coupled with capping layer design.

Strategies to achieve efficient transparent organic light-emitting diodes (TrOLEDs) are presented. The emission zone position is carefully adjusted by monitoring the optical phase change upon reflection from the top electrode, which is significant when the thickness of the capping layer changes. With the proposed design strategy, external quantum efficiency and transmittance values as high as 15% and 80% are demonstrated simultaneously. The effect of surface plasmon polariton (SPP) loss from thin metal electrodes is also taken into account to correctly describe the full scaling behavior of the efficiency of TrOLEDs over key optical design parameters.

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