„Die Kunst, die Zukunft zu erfinden“ — Theoretische Erkenntnisse und empirische Befunde zum Einsatz des Corporate Foresight in deutschen Großunternehmen

ZusammenfassungStudien zur Zukunftsforschung von Unternehmen befassen sich bislang nur einseitig mit Prognoseverfahren, obgleich für die Durchführung der Zukunftsforschung weitere managementspezifische Fragestellungen von Bedeutung sind. Beklagt wird von der Praxis u.a. ein Mangel an Wissen über eine zweckmäßige organisatorische Verankerung der Zukunftsforschung, deren prozessuale Ausgestaltung, den zu wählenden Prognosehorizont und die inhaltliche Ausrichtung der Analysen. Dieser Beitrag wendet sich den offenen Fragen zu und gewährt auf Basis einer qualitativen Untersuchung bei deutschen Großunternehmen erste empirische Einblicke in die weitgehend intransparente Praxis der Zukunftsforschung. Dabei wird der im angloamerikanischen Raum gebräuchliche Terminus „Corporate Foresight“ verwendet, um bereits begrifflich den über die Prognoseverfahren hinausgehenden Anspruch zu verdeutlichen. Die Befunde werden unter Einbezug aktueller Erkenntnisse aus der Theorie zum strategischen Management und zum Innovationsmanagement diskutiert. Wie die Ergebnisse zu erkennen geben, schöpfen die Unternehmen den Gestaltungsspielraum und das Potenzial der Zukunftsforschung noch nicht aus. Drei typische Muster des Corporate Foresight deuten sich an. Empfehlungen für die Ausgestaltung des Corporate Foresight runden den Beitrag ab.SummaryStudies in management have acknowledged the importance of corporate foresight activities since the 1960ies. Yet, research in this area has dealt almost exclusively with various techniques of forecasting, thus neglecting several major issues concerning the management of corporate foresight activities, e.g. the introduction of a foresight function, the selection of personnel for foresight activities and the specific content of forecasts.Following a grounded theory approach, the purpose of this study is to explore the practice of foresight and to generate stimulating insights into this important, yet not well-understood area. Comprehensive case-based data was collected from eight major German corporations.Our results indicate that firms do not make full use of the possibilities corporate foresight has to offer, thus leaving room for further improvement. Furthermore, our findings suggest three typical approaches to corporate foresight. Results are discussed with reference to recent studies in innovation management and in strategic management.

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