The Long and the Short of It: Relational Memory Impairments in Amnesia, Even at Short Lags

Classic studies of amnesia led to characterizations of hippocampal function emphasizing involvement in long-term memory rather than short-term (or working) memory. In two experiments, we show that when memory for relations among co-occurring items is tested, hippocampal amnesia results in a deficit even at very short lags. Hence, we find evidence for hippocampal involvement in relational memory, even at short lags normally considered the province of working memory.

[1]  R. Passingham The hippocampus as a cognitive map J. O'Keefe & L. Nadel, Oxford University Press, Oxford (1978). 570 pp., £25.00 , 1979, Neuroscience.

[2]  N. J. Cohen,et al.  Eye-movement-based memory effect: a reprocessing effect in face perception. , 1999, Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition.

[3]  W. Scoville,et al.  LOSS OF RECENT MEMORY AFTER BILATERAL HIPPOCAMPAL LESIONS , 1957, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[4]  J. Aggleton,et al.  The performance of amnesic subjects on tests of delayed matching-to-sample and delayed matching-to-position , 1995, Neuropsychologia.

[5]  Theo G. M. van Erp,et al.  Hippocampal activations during encoding and retrieval in a verbal working memory paradigm , 2005, NeuroImage.

[6]  Dharshan Kumaran,et al.  The Human Hippocampus: Cognitive Maps or Relational Memory? , 2005, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[7]  Russell A. Epstein,et al.  Perceptual deficits in amnesia: challenging the medial temporal lobe ‘mnemonic’ view , 2005, Neuropsychologia.

[8]  N. Cohen,et al.  Amnesia is a Deficit in Relational Memory , 2000, Psychological science.

[9]  L. Saksida,et al.  Perirhinal cortex resolves feature ambiguity in complex visual discriminations , 2002, The European journal of neuroscience.

[10]  M. D’Esposito,et al.  Medial Temporal Lobe Activity Associated with Active Maintenance of Novel Information , 2001, Neuron.

[11]  Wayne A. Wickelgren,et al.  Sparing of short-term memory in an amnesic patient: Implications for strength theory of memory , 1968 .

[12]  A. Baddeley,et al.  Amnesia and the distinction between long- and short-term memory. , 1970 .

[13]  B. Milner,et al.  What went where? Impaired object‐location learning in patients with right hippocampal lesions , 2005, Hippocampus.

[14]  Neal J. Cohen,et al.  Processing and short-term retention of relational information in amnesia , 2004, Neuropsychologia.

[15]  E K Warrington,et al.  Amnesia and memory for visual location. , 1974, Neuropsychologia.

[16]  Hanna Damasio,et al.  Correlations between Regional Brain Volumes and Memory Performance in Anoxia , 2006, Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology.

[17]  Andy C. H. Lee,et al.  Specialization in the medial temporal lobe for processing of objects and scenes , 2005, Hippocampus.

[18]  Douglas C. Noll,et al.  Working Memory for Complex Scenes: Age Differences in Frontal and Hippocampal Activations , 2003, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience.

[19]  L. Squire,et al.  Preserved learning and retention of pattern-analyzing skill in amnesia: dissociation of knowing how and knowing that. , 1980, Science.

[20]  N. Cohen From Conditioning to Conscious Recollection Memory Systems of the Brain. Oxford Psychology Series, Volume 35. , 2001 .

[21]  Charan Ranganath,et al.  Opinion TRENDS in Cognitive Sciences Vol.9 No.8 August 2005 Doubts about double dissociations between short- and long-term memory , 2022 .

[22]  Ingrid R. Olson,et al.  Working Memory for Conjunctions Relies on the Medial Temporal Lobe , 2006, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[23]  Brenda Milner,et al.  Memory for different aspects of complex visual scenes after unilateral temporal- or frontal-lobe resection , 1993, Neuropsychologia.

[24]  Yaakov Stern,et al.  Positive evidence against human hippocampal involvement in working memory maintenance of familiar stimuli. , 2004, Cerebral cortex.

[25]  J. Aggleton,et al.  A Comparison of Egocentric and Allocentric Spatial Memory in Medial Temporal Lobe and Korsakoff Amnesics , 1999, Cortex.

[26]  H. Eichenbaum,et al.  Memory, amnesia, and the hippocampal system , 1993 .

[27]  C. B. Cave,et al.  Intact verbal and nonverbal short‐term memory following damage to the human hippocampus , 1992, Hippocampus.

[28]  H. Eichenbaum,et al.  From Conditioning to Conscious Recollection , 2001 .

[29]  L. Squire,et al.  The human perirhinal cortex and recognition memory , 1998, Hippocampus.

[30]  David Gaffan,et al.  Perirhinal cortical contributions to object perception , 2006, Trends in Cognitive Sciences.

[31]  J. Aggleton,et al.  A comparison of egocentric and allocentric spatial memory in a patient with selective hippocampal damage , 2000, Neuropsychologia.

[32]  L. Nadel,et al.  The Hippocampus as a Cognitive Map , 1978 .

[33]  Neal J Cohen,et al.  The nature of change detection and online representations of scenes. , 2004, Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance.

[34]  S. Gutnikov,et al.  Perceptual and Mnemonic Matching-To-Sample in Humans: Contributions of The Hippocampus, Perirhinal and Other Medial Temporal Lobe Cortices , 2000, Cortex.

[35]  Florin Dolcos,et al.  Similarities and Differences in the Neural Correlates of Episodic Memory Retrieval and Working Memory , 2002, NeuroImage.