On the orientation of the Sagittarius A* system (Research Note)

Context. The near-infrared emission from the black hole at the Galactic center (Sgr A*) has unique properties. The most striking feature is a suggestive periodic sub-structure that has been observed in a couple of flares so far. Aims. Using near-infrared polarimetric observations and modelling the quasi-periodicity in terms of an orbiting blob, we try to constrain the three dimensional orientation of the Sgr A* system. Methods. We report on so far unpublished polarimetric data from 2003. They support the observations of a roughly constant mean polarization angle of ~$60\degr$  ± $20\degr$ from 2004–2006. Prior investigations of the 2006 data are deepened. In particular, the blob model fits are evaluated such that constraints on the position angle of Sgr A* can be derived. Results. Confidence contours in the position – inclination angle plane are derived. On a $3\sigma$ level the position angle of the equatorial plane normal is in the range ~$60\degr{-}108\degr$ (east of north) in combination with a large inclination angle. This agrees well with recent independent work in which radio spectral/morphological properties of Sgr A* and X-ray observations, respectively, have been used. However, the quality of the presently available data and the uncertainties in our model bring some ambiguity to our conclusions.

[1]  J. Starck,et al.  A Catalog of Diffuse X-Ray-emitting Features within 20 pc of Sagittarius A*: Twenty Pulsar Wind Nebulae? , 2007, 0707.1907.

[2]  A. Goldwurm,et al.  General Relativistic Flux Modulations from Disk Instabilities in Sagittarius A* , 2007, 0705.0238.

[3]  K. Mužić,et al.  First proper motions of thin dust filaments at the Galactic center , 2007, 0704.3675.

[4]  Dwingeloo,et al.  How to hide large-scale outflows: size constraints on the jets of Sgr A* , 2007, astro-ph/0702637.

[5]  J. Moran,et al.  To appear in the Astrophysical Journal Letters Preprint typeset using L ATEX style emulateapj v. 10/09/06 AN UNAMBIGUOUS DETECTION OF FARADAY ROTATION IN SAGITTARIUS A* , 2006 .

[6]  Usa,et al.  A polarized infrared flare from Sagittarius A* and the signatures of orbiting plasma hotspots , 2006, astro-ph/0611737.

[7]  W. Duschl,et al.  K-band polarimetry of an Sgr A* flare with a clear sub-flare structure , 2006, astro-ph/0610147.

[8]  K. Mužić,et al.  Near-infrared polarimetry setting constraints on the orbiting spot model for Sgr A* flares , 2006, astro-ph/0610104.

[9]  S. Trippe,et al.  Polarimetry of near-infrared flares from Sagittarius A* , 2006, astro-ph/0610103.

[10]  G. Bower,et al.  Flaring Activity of Sagittarius A* at 43 and 22 GHz: Evidence for Expanding Hot Plasma , 2006, astro-ph/0603685.

[11]  J. M. Moran,et al.  Interferometric Measurements of Variable 340 GHz Linear Polarization in Sagittarius A* , 2005, astro-ph/0511653.

[12]  Harvard University,et al.  Imaging optically-thin hotspots near the black hole horizon of Sgr A* at radio and near-infrared wavelengths , 2005, astro-ph/0509237.

[13]  M. Tagger,et al.  A Possible Rossby Wave Instability Origin for the Flares in Sagittarius A* , 2005, astro-ph/0511520.

[14]  Norbert Hubin,et al.  SINFONI in the Galactic Center: Young Stars and Infrared Flares in the Central Light-Month , 2005 .

[15]  Avery E. Broderick,et al.  Imaging bright-spots in the accretion flow near the black hole horizon of Sgr A* , 2005, astro-ph/0506433.

[16]  Jessica R. Lu,et al.  Stellar Orbits around the Galactic Center Black Hole , 2003, astro-ph/0306130.

[17]  J. Schnittman Interpreting the High-Frequency Quasi-periodic Oscillation Power Spectra of Accreting Black Holes , 2004, astro-ph/0407179.

[18]  B. Aschenbach Measuring mass and angular momentum of black holes with high-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations , 2004, astro-ph/0406545.

[19]  T. Yaqoob,et al.  An Extended Scheme for Fitting X-Ray Data with Accretion Disk Spectra in the Strong Gravity Regime , 2004, astro-ph/0403541.

[20]  Garching,et al.  X-ray flares reveal mass and angular momentum of the Galactic Center black hole , 2004, astro-ph/0401589.

[21]  Caltech,et al.  Variable Infrared Emission from the Supermassive Black Hole at the Center of the Milky Way , 2003, astro-ph/0309076.

[22]  D. Rouan,et al.  Near-infrared flares from accreting gas around the supermassive black hole at the Galactic Centre , 2003, Nature.

[23]  A. Eckart,et al.  Stellar Dynamics in the Central Arcsecond of Our Galaxy , 2003, astro-ph/0306214.

[24]  K. Menten,et al.  A star in a 15.2-year orbit around the supermassive black hole at the centre of the Milky Way , 2002, Nature.

[25]  F. Melia,et al.  Polarimetric Imaging of the Massive Black Hole at the Galactic Center , 2001, astro-ph/0106180.

[26]  Laird M. Close,et al.  Analysis of isoplanatic high resolution stellar fields by the StarFinder code , 2000 .

[27]  E. Becklin,et al.  The accelerations of stars orbiting the Milky Way's central black hole , 2000, Nature.

[28]  H. Falcke,et al.  Viewing the Shadow of the Black Hole at the Galactic Center , 1999, The Astrophysical journal.

[29]  Reinhard Genzel,et al.  Variable and Embedded Stars in the Galactic Center , 1999 .

[30]  E. Becklin,et al.  High Proper-Motion Stars in the Vicinity of Sagittarius A*: Evidence for a Supermassive Black Hole at the Center of Our Galaxy , 1998, astro-ph/9807210.

[31]  F. Melia,et al.  General Relativistic Effects on the Infrared Spectrum of Thin Accretion Disks in Active Galactic Nuclei: Application to Sagittarius A* , 1997 .

[32]  A. Eckart,et al.  Observations of stellar proper motions near the Galactic Centre , 1996, Nature.

[33]  Reinhard Genzel,et al.  High Angular Resolution Spectroscopic and Polarimetric Imaging of the Galactic Center in the Near-Infrared , 1995 .

[34]  Tsvi Piran,et al.  Polarization features of x-ray radiation emitted near black holes , 1980 .

[35]  P. A. Connors,et al.  Observable gravitational effects on polarised radiation coming from near a black hole , 1977, Nature.