Phase unbalance and PAR constrained optimal active and reactive power scheduling of Virtual Power Plants (VPPs)

Abstract In near future, the integration of unknown and unpredictable quantity of Electric Vehicles (EVs) can violate reliable and quality power service of distribution system. In spite of that, ability of simultaneously regulate active and reactive power by Plug-in-Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) in quick response time, without affecting the batteries can help to ensure reliable and quality power service in distribution system. This paper investigates the optimal active and reactive power scheduling of PHEVs and Distributed Generations (DGs) in Virtual Power Plants (VPPs), considering unbalance and Peak-to-Average Ratio (PAR) constraints. To compute stochastic model of PHEVs, we considers dynamic nature of driving pattern based on NHTS 2017 data. The proposed approach is implemented on IEEE-25 bus unbalanced distribution system. The developed planning and operational investigation of VPPs also presents dependencies of cost and losses in terms of Unbalance factor and PAR.

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