Attributable risk estimation from matched case-control data.

A methodology is proposed for obtaining summary estimators, variances, and confidence intervals for attributable risk measures from data obtained through a case-control study design where one or more controls have been matched to each case. The sampling design for obtaining these data is conceptualized as a simple random sample of cases being equivalent to a simple random sample of matched sets. By combining information across the strata determined by the matched sets, this approach provides all of the benefits associated with the Mantel-Haenszel procedure for the estimators of attributable risk among the exposed and population attributable risk. Asymptotic variances are derived under the assumption that the frequencies of the unique response patterns follow the multinomial distribution. Simulation results indicate that these methods fare very well with respect to bias and coverage probability.

[1]  J R Landis,et al.  Summary attributable risk estimation from unmatched case-control data. , 1988, Statistics in medicine.

[2]  H. Valkenburg,et al.  Estimation of the possible effect of interventive measures in the area of ischemic heart diseases by the attributable risk percentage. , 1977, American journal of epidemiology.

[3]  P. Holland,et al.  Discrete Multivariate Analysis. , 1976 .

[4]  N. Breslow,et al.  The analysis of case-control studies , 1980 .

[5]  J. R. Landis,et al.  A general overview of Mantel-Haenszel methods: applications and recent developments. , 1988, Annual review of public health.

[6]  D P Byar,et al.  Estimating the population attributable risk for multiple risk factors using case-control data. , 1985, American journal of epidemiology.

[7]  W. Haenszel,et al.  Statistical aspects of the analysis of data from retrospective studies of disease. , 1959, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[8]  A S Whittemore,et al.  Statistical methods for estimating attributable risk from retrospective data. , 1982, Statistics in medicine.

[9]  Estimation of Attributable Risk in the Presence of Confounding , 1979 .

[10]  W. Dana Flanders.  A new variance estimator for the Mantel-Haenszel odds ratio , 1985 .

[11]  K. Y. Liang,et al.  The Variance of the Mantel-Haenszel Estimator , 1982 .

[12]  A Simplification of the Classic Large-Sample Standard Error of a Function of Multinomial Proportions , 1982 .

[13]  S. Greenland.  Variance estimators for attributable fraction estimates consistent in both large strata and sparse data. , 1987, Statistics in medicine.

[14]  J. Fleiss.  The Mantel-Haenszel estimator in case-control studies with varying numbers of controls matched to each case. , 1984, American journal of epidemiology.

[15]  M. Pike,et al.  Estrogens and endometrial cancer in a retirement community. , 1976, The New England journal of medicine.

[16]  S. Greenland.  Bias in methods for deriving standardized morbidity ratio and attributable fraction estimates. , 1984, Statistics in medicine.

[17]  B. Macmahon,et al.  Attributable risk percent in case-control studies. , 1971, British journal of preventive & social medicine.

[18]  S. Walter.  The estimation and interpretation of attributable risk in health research. , 1976, Biometrics.

[19]  O S Miettinen,et al.  Proportion of disease caused or prevented by a given exposure, trait or intervention. , 1974, American journal of epidemiology.

[20]  Levin Ml,et al.  The occurrence of lung cancer in man. , 1953, Acta - Unio Internationalis Contra Cancrum.

[21]  J R Landis,et al.  Attributable risk ratio estimation from matched-pairs case-control data. , 1987, American journal of epidemiology.

[22]  Norman E. Breslow,et al.  Odds ratio estimators when the data are sparse , 1981 .

[23]  N. Breslow,et al.  Statistical methods in cancer research: volume 1- The analysis of case-control studies , 1980 .

[24]  N Breslow,et al.  Estimators of the Mantel-Haenszel variance consistent in both sparse data and large-strata limiting models. , 1986, Biometrics.

[25]  N. E. Breslow.  Statistical Methods in Cancer Research , 1986 .

[26]  S. Walter,et al.  Calculation of attributable risks from epidemiological data. , 1978, International journal of epidemiology.

[27]  Paul W. Holland,et al.  Estimators of the Variance of the Mantel-Haenszel Log-Odds-Ratio Estimate , 1987 .