CANADIAN ASSOCIATION OF GASTROENTEROLOGY CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINE FOR IMMUNIZATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE (IBD). PART 1: LIVE VACCINES.

BACKGROUND AND AIM Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may be at increased risk of some vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs). The effectiveness and safety of vaccinations may be altered by immunosuppressive therapies or IBD itself. The aim of these guidelines was to develop recommendations for the immunization of adult and pediatric patients with IBD. This publication focuses on live vaccines.background METHODS: Systematic reviews evaluating the efficacy, effectiveness, and safety of vaccines in patients with IBD, other immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, and the general population were performed. Critical outcomes included mortality, VPDs, and serious adverse events. Immunogenicity was considered a surrogate outcome for vaccine efficacy. Certainty of evidence and strength of recommendations were rated according to the GRADE (Grading of Recommendation Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach. Key questions were developed through an iterative process, and voted on by a multidisciplinary panel. Recommendations were formulated using the Evidence-to-Decision framework. Strong recommendation means that most patients should receive the recommended course of action, whereas a conditional recommendation means that different choices will be appropriate for different patients. RESULTS Three good practice statements included reviewing a patient's vaccination status at diagnosis and at regular intervals, giving appropriate vaccinations as soon as possible, and not delaying urgently needed immunosuppressive therapy to provide vaccinations. There are 4 recommendations on the use of live vaccines. Measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for both adult and pediatric patients with IBD not on immunosuppressive therapy, but not for those using immunosuppressive medications (conditional). Varicella vaccine is recommended for pediatric patients with IBD not on immunosuppressive therapy, but not for those using immunosuppressive medications (conditional). For adults, recommendations are conditionally in favor of varicella vaccine for those not on immunosuppressive therapy, and against for those on therapy. No recommendation was made regarding the use of live vaccines in infants born to mothers using biologics because the desirable and undesirable effects were closely balanced and the evidence was insufficient.results CONCLUSION: Maintaining appropriate vaccination status in patients with IBD is critical to optimize patient outcomes. In general, live vaccines are recommended in patients not on immunosuppressive therapy, but not for those using immunosuppressive medications. Further studies are needed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of live vaccines in patients on immunosuppressive therapy. CONCLUSION