Developing an abiotic capsule-based self-healing system for cementitious materials: The state of knowledge

Abstract Since the intrinsic (autogenous) self-healing ability of cementitious materials is only effective for small cracks under some particular conditions, it is often necessary to add an external self-healing (autonomous healing) system to extend the service life of such materials. In this work, the performance of different abiotic healing agents, influences and requirements of encapsulation techniques, and characterization and testing methods of healing efficiency are reviewed. The objective is to examine the state of knowledge relevant to developing an abiotic capsule-based system for cementitious materials. The principle of selecting healing agents is based on the service conditions and the objective of self-healing. All the influences of admixing capsules on the properties of fresh and hardened concrete should be taken into consideration. A series of reliable and reproducible standard testing methods need to be developed to unify the parameters in evaluating the healing efficiency. While there is not one self-healing solution that is applicable under all conditions, the general methodology of developing an abiotic, capsule-based self-healing system is proposed.

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