Fog Computing Applications in Smart Cities: A Systematic Survey

Nowadays, the smart city is a topic that has attracted the attention of many researchers, engineers and even the public because of to its pervasive and vast effect on everyday life. The technologies used to realize the smart cities are often based on cloud computing. As a result, they have carried the limitations of cloud computing, such as unreliable latency, lack of mobility support, and location awareness. Fog computing provides different solutions to these problems. Although efforts have been done in the area of fog computing applications in smart cities, it is still difficult to find a systematic reliable survey that covers this area. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview based on a systematic literature review of current works that have been done in the area of fog computing applications in smart cities. In addition, a different analytical comparison of related works, the trends, and future research directions are pointed out in this article.

[1]  Shivam Yadav,et al.  Smart water management using IOT , 2016, 2016 5th International Conference on Wireless Networks and Embedded Systems (WECON).

[2]  LiljebergPasi,et al.  Exploiting smart e-Health gateways at the edge of healthcare Internet-of-Things , 2018 .

[3]  Ramón Alcarria,et al.  An Internet of Things-Based Model for Smart Water Management , 2014, 2014 28th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops.

[4]  Wei Chen,et al.  Towards Smart Parking Based on Fog Computing , 2018, IEEE Access.

[5]  Monique Snoeck,et al.  Citizen Participation in Smart Cities: Evaluation Framework Proposal , 2017, 2017 IEEE 19th Conference on Business Informatics (CBI).

[6]  Haibo He,et al.  A Hierarchical Distributed Fog Computing Architecture for Big Data Analysis in Smart Cities , 2015, ASE BD&SI.

[7]  Tao Zhang,et al.  Fog and IoT: An Overview of Research Opportunities , 2016, IEEE Internet of Things Journal.

[8]  Hervé Rivano,et al.  A Survey of Smart Parking Solutions , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems.

[9]  José Ramón Gil-García,et al.  Understanding Smart Cities: An Integrative Framework , 2012, HICSS.

[10]  Hari Om,et al.  Cloud Computing and Internet of Things Integration: Architecture, Applications, Issues, and Challenges , 2018 .

[11]  Jameela Al-Jaroodi,et al.  SmartCityWare: A Service-Oriented Middleware for Cloud and Fog Enabled Smart City Services , 2017, IEEE Access.

[12]  U. Berardi,et al.  Smart Cities: Definitions, Dimensions, Performance, and Initiatives , 2015 .

[13]  G. Papa,et al.  Transportation problems and their potential solutions in smart cities , 2017, 2017 International Conference on Smart Systems and Technologies (SST).

[14]  Kai Chen,et al.  Multitier Fog Computing With Large-Scale IoT Data Analytics for Smart Cities , 2018, IEEE Internet of Things Journal.

[15]  Rongxing Lu,et al.  From Cloud to Fog Computing: A Review and a Conceptual Live VM Migration Framework , 2017, IEEE Access.

[16]  Enzo Baccarelli,et al.  Design and energy-efficient resource management of virtualized networked Fog architectures for the real-time support of IoT applications , 2018, The Journal of Supercomputing.

[17]  Shigeng Zhang,et al.  Characterizing the Capability of Vehicular Fog Computing in Large-scale Urban Environment , 2018, Mob. Networks Appl..

[18]  Sungyoung Lee,et al.  Health Fog: a novel framework for health and wellness applications , 2016, The Journal of Supercomputing.

[19]  Zhi-Ting Zhu,et al.  A research framework of smart education , 2016, Smart Learning Environments.

[20]  Shangguang Wang,et al.  A novel digital twin-centric approach for driver intention prediction and traffic congestion avoidance , 2018, Journal of Reliable Intelligent Environments.

[21]  Marília Curado,et al.  Service placement for latency reduction in the internet of things , 2016, Annals of Telecommunications.

[22]  Samee Ullah Khan,et al.  Potentials, trends, and prospects in edge technologies: Fog, cloudlet, mobile edge, and micro data centers , 2018, Comput. Networks.

[23]  Andrea Zanella,et al.  Internet of Things for Smart Cities , 2014, IEEE Internet of Things Journal.

[24]  Essaid Sabir,et al.  A literature review on Smart Cities: Paradigms, opportunities and open problems , 2016, 2016 International Conference on Wireless Networks and Mobile Communications (WINCOM).

[25]  Victor I. Chang,et al.  Towards fog-driven IoT eHealth: Promises and challenges of IoT in medicine and healthcare , 2018, Future Gener. Comput. Syst..

[26]  Franco Cicirelli,et al.  An edge-based platform for dynamic Smart City applications , 2017, Future Gener. Comput. Syst..

[27]  Rajkumar Buyya,et al.  FOCAN: A Fog-supported Smart City Network Architecture for Management of Applications in the Internet of Everything Environments , 2017, J. Parallel Distributed Comput..

[28]  Anna Corinna Cagliano,et al.  Current trends in Smart City initiatives: some stylised facts , 2014 .

[29]  Vijay Barve,et al.  Smart lighting for smart cities , 2017, 2017 IEEE Region 10 Symposium (TENSYMP).

[30]  Yong Xiang,et al.  Cost Efficient Resource Management in Fog Computing Supported Medical Cyber-Physical System , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing.

[31]  Sanjib Kumar Panda,et al.  Design, fabrication and testing of smart lighting system , 2016, 2016 Future Technologies Conference (FTC).

[32]  Guangjie Han,et al.  SSL: Smart Street Lamp Based on Fog Computing for Smarter Cities , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics.

[33]  Antonio Puliafito,et al.  Stack4Things as a fog computing platform for Smart City applications , 2016, 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops (INFOCOM WKSHPS).

[34]  Vinod Bharat,et al.  Smart water management system in cities , 2017, 2017 International Conference on Big Data Analytics and Computational Intelligence (ICBDAC).

[35]  Enzo Baccarelli,et al.  Fog of Everything: Energy-Efficient Networked Computing Architectures, Research Challenges, and a Case Study , 2017, IEEE Access.

[36]  Milind R. Naphade,et al.  Smarter Cities and Their Innovation Challenges , 2011, Computer.

[37]  Raffaele Giaffreda,et al.  IoT and cloud convergence: Opportunities and challenges , 2014, 2014 IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT).

[38]  Andrea Vinci,et al.  Smart Agents and Fog Computing for Smart City Applications , 2016, Smart-CT.

[39]  Mohammed Ghazal,et al.  Real-time Heart Attack Mobile Detection Service (RHAMDS): An IoT use case for Software Defined Networks , 2017, 2017 IEEE 30th Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE).

[40]  Genya Ishigaki,et al.  Fog Computing: Towards Minimizing Delay in the Internet of Things , 2017, 2017 IEEE International Conference on Edge Computing (EDGE).

[41]  Nima Jafari Navimipour,et al.  Formal verification approaches and standards in the cloud computing: A comprehensive and systematic review , 2018, Comput. Stand. Interfaces.

[42]  Lei Wang,et al.  Offloading in Internet of Vehicles: A Fog-Enabled Real-Time Traffic Management System , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics.

[43]  Xiaohui Liang,et al.  Security and Privacy in Smart City Applications: Challenges and Solutions , 2017, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[44]  Athanasios V. Vasilakos,et al.  Fog Computing for Sustainable Smart Cities , 2017, ArXiv.

[45]  Simon Parkinson,et al.  Fog computing security: a review of current applications and security solutions , 2017, Journal of Cloud Computing.

[46]  Arwa Alrawais,et al.  Fog Computing for the Internet of Things: Security and Privacy Issues , 2017, IEEE Internet Computing.

[47]  Jaehak Yu,et al.  WISE: web of object architecture on IoT environment for smart home and building energy management , 2016, The Journal of Supercomputing.

[48]  P. C. Veena,et al.  on Circuit , Power and Computing Technologies [ ICCPCT ] Smart Street Light System based on Image Processing , 2016 .

[49]  Manar Amayri,et al.  Smart Home Futures: Algorithmic Challenges and Opportunities , 2017, 2017 14th International Symposium on Pervasive Systems, Algorithms and Networks & 2017 11th International Conference on Frontier of Computer Science and Technology & 2017 Third International Symposium of Creative Computing (ISPAN-FCST-ISCC).

[50]  Weisong Shi,et al.  Edge Computing: Vision and Challenges , 2016, IEEE Internet of Things Journal.

[51]  Meng Wang,et al.  Toward mobility support for information-centric IoV in smart city using fog computing , 2017, 2017 IEEE International Conference on Smart Energy Grid Engineering (SEGE).

[52]  Henrique A. C. Braga,et al.  Smart modules for lighting system applications and power quality measurements , 2014, 2014 11th IEEE/IAS International Conference on Industry Applications.

[53]  Marwan Krunz,et al.  QoE and power efficiency tradeoff for fog computing networks with fog node cooperation , 2017, IEEE INFOCOM 2017 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications.

[54]  Ciprian Dobre,et al.  A Fog-Based Emergency System for Smart Enhanced Living Environments , 2016, IEEE Cloud Computing.

[55]  Sarbani Roy,et al.  IoT-fog-cloud based architecture for smart city: Prototype of a smart building , 2017, 2017 7th International Conference on Cloud Computing, Data Science & Engineering - Confluence.

[56]  Philipp Leitner,et al.  Optimized IoT service placement in the fog , 2017, Service Oriented Computing and Applications.

[57]  Marisol García-Valls,et al.  Accelerating smart eHealth services execution at the fog computing infrastructure , 2020, Future Gener. Comput. Syst..

[58]  David Palma,et al.  Fog Computing in Healthcare–A Review and Discussion , 2017, IEEE Access.

[59]  N. Lopes.  Smart governance: A key factor for smart cities implementation , 2017, 2017 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid and Smart Cities (ICSGSC).

[60]  Rajkumar Buyya,et al.  Mobility-Aware Application Scheduling in Fog Computing , 2017, IEEE Cloud Computing.

[61]  Ivan Stojmenovic,et al.  Fog computing: A cloud to the ground support for smart things and machine-to-machine networks , 2014, 2014 Australasian Telecommunication Networks and Applications Conference (ATNAC).

[62]  HuPengfei,et al.  Survey on fog computing , 2017 .

[63]  Marco D. Santambrogio,et al.  A fog-computing architecture for preventive healthcare and assisted living in smart ambients , 2017, 2017 IEEE 3rd International Forum on Research and Technologies for Society and Industry (RTSI).

[64]  P. Golda Jeyasheeli,et al.  An IOT design for smart lighting in green buildings based on environmental factors , 2017, 2017 4th International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems (ICACCS).

[65]  Fran Casino,et al.  Trends and challenges in smart healthcare research: A journey from data to wisdom , 2017, 2017 IEEE 3rd International Forum on Research and Technologies for Society and Industry (RTSI).

[66]  Mingzhe Jiang,et al.  Fog Computing in Healthcare Internet of Things: A Case Study on ECG Feature Extraction , 2015, 2015 IEEE International Conference on Computer and Information Technology; Ubiquitous Computing and Communications; Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing; Pervasive Intelligence and Computing.

[67]  Vladimir Tikhomirov,et al.  Three Dimensions of Smart Education , 2015 .

[68]  Andreas Seitz,et al.  A fog architecture for decentralized decision making in smart buildings , 2017, SCOPE@CPSWeek.

[69]  Wei Xiang,et al.  Internet of Things for Smart Healthcare: Technologies, Challenges, and Opportunities , 2017, IEEE Access.

[70]  Jaafar M. H. Elmirghani,et al.  Energy Efficient Fog Servers for Internet of Things Information Piece Delivery (IoTIPD) in a Smart City Vehicular Environment , 2016, 2016 10th International Conference on Next Generation Mobile Applications, Security and Technologies (NGMAST).

[71]  Juan Luo,et al.  Tasks Scheduling and Resource Allocation in Fog Computing Based on Containers for Smart Manufacturing , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics.

[72]  Sherali Zeadally,et al.  Network Service Chaining in Fog and Cloud Computing for the 5G Environment: Data Management and Security Challenges , 2017, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[73]  Mingzhe Jiang,et al.  Exploiting smart e-Health gateways at the edge of healthcare Internet-of-Things: A fog computing approach , 2018, Future Gener. Comput. Syst..

[74]  J. Li,et al.  Smart city and the applications , 2011, 2011 International Conference on Electronics, Communications and Control (ICECC).

[75]  K N Fallavi,et al.  Smart waste management using Internet of Things: A survey , 2017, 2017 International Conference on I-SMAC (IoT in Social, Mobile, Analytics and Cloud) (I-SMAC).

[76]  S. P. Daniel Chowdhury,et al.  A smart energy management system for residential use , 2017, 2017 IEEE PES PowerAfrica.

[77]  NavimipourNima Jafari,et al.  Formal verification approaches and standards in the cloud computing , 2018 .

[78]  Toni Janevski,et al.  State of the art: Fog computing for 5G networks , 2016, 2016 24th Telecommunications Forum (TELFOR).

[79]  Alberto Leon-Garcia,et al.  A Fog-Based Internet of Energy Architecture for Transactive Energy Management Systems , 2018, IEEE Internet of Things Journal.

[80]  K. C. Okafor,et al.  Real time car parking system: A novel taxonomy for integrated vehicular computing , 2017, 2017 International Conference on Computing Networking and Informatics (ICCNI).

[81]  Rajkumar Buyya,et al.  Fog Computing: A Taxonomy, Survey and Future Directions , 2016, Internet of Everything.

[82]  Amir Masoud Rahmani,et al.  Cloud computing service negotiation: A systematic review , 2018, Comput. Stand. Interfaces.

[83]  Tie Qiu,et al.  Survey on fog computing: architecture, key technologies, applications and open issues , 2017, J. Netw. Comput. Appl..