Imaging of otosclerosis Bildgebung der Otosklerose

Abstract Background Otosclerosis is an important cause of hearing loss and a widespread pathology in ENT medicine. Although a high diagnostic value of CT with impact on therapy is emphasized in the literature, the disease is seldom seen in the radiological routine diagnostics due to ENT findings often being diagnostic. Radiologists detect it rather more often in cases of unclear hearing loss or cochlear implant candidates. The findings may be very subtle. They require a target search and an optimal imaging technique. Methods This review article is based on a selective search of the literature in PubMed without any time frame restrictions as well as on the long clinical experience of the authors. Results The paper focuses on imaging aspects of otosclerosis: current role, advice for imaging technique, characteristic imaging signs, radiological differential diagnoses and findings after stapedoplasty. Pathology, clinical signs and therapeutic options are summarized briefly. Conclusions With an optimal technique and sufficient radiological experience otosclerosis can be correctly diagnosed by imaging in a high percentage of cases. Radiology plays the key role in the diagnosis of retrofenestral otosclerosis. It can provide valuable information for the management of complications after stapedotomy. Key points:  X-ray cross-sectional imaging continues to be the method of first choice in the radiological diagnostics of otosclerosis With an optimal imaging technique and sufficient experience otosclerosis can be radiologically detected In complications after stapedoplasty, causes can be identified supporting the indication for a reoperation Citation Format Kösling K, Plontke SK, Bartel S. Imaging of otosclerosis. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2020; 192: 745 – 753 Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Die Otosklerose ist eine wichtige Ursache für Schwerhörigkeit und gilt in der HNO-Heilkunde als verbreitetes Krankheitsbild. Obwohl in der Literatur die hohe diagnostische Wertigkeit der CT mit Einfluss auf das therapeutische Vorgehen hervorgehoben wird, zählt die Erkrankung in der radiologischen Routinediagnostik aufgrund oft diagnoseweisender klinischer Befunde zu den seltenen Indikationen. Radiologisch wird sie häufiger bei unklarer Schwerhörigkeit oder in der präoperativen Cochlea-Implantat-Diagnostik entdeckt. Die Befunde können sehr subtil sein, bedürfen einer gezielten Suche und optimalen Untersuchungstechnik. Methode Diese Übersichtsarbeit beruht auf einer selektiven Literaturreche in PubMed ohne Zeitraumbegrenzung und der langjährigen klinischen Erfahrung der Autoren. Ergebnisse Dieser Beitrag hat die Otosklerose unter verschiedenen Gesichtspunkten zum Inhalt: Pathologie, klinische Zeichen und Therapieoptionen werden überblickmäßig dargestellt; das Hauptaugenmerk liegt auf der Bildgebung mit heutigem Stellenwert, untersuchungstechnischen Hinweisen, charakteristischen Bildbefunden, radiologischen Differenzialdiagnosen und bildgebenden Befunden nach Stapesplastik. Schlussfolgerung Bei optimaler Untersuchungstechnik und ausreichender Erfahrung kann die Otosklerose in einem hohen Prozentsatz radiologisch diagnostiziert werden. Eine diagnoseentscheidende Rolle hat der Radiologe bei der retrofenestralen Form der Otosklerose. Im postoperativen Komplikationsmanagement kann er dem HNO-Arzt wertvolle Informationen liefern. Kernaussagen:  Röntgenschnittbildverfahren sind auch weiterhin Methode der 1. Wahl in der radiologischen Diagnostik der Otosklerose. Bei optimaler Untersuchungstechnik und ausreichender Erfahrung kann die Otosklerose radiologisch detektiert werden. Bei Komplikationen nach Stapesplastik können Ursachen aufgedeckt und die Indikationsstellung zur Reoperation unterstützt werden. Zitierweise Kösling S, Plontke SK, Bartel S. Imaging of otosclerosis. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2020; 192: 745 – 753

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